Co-ordination Action for Autonomous Desalination Units ... - ADU-RES

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Pic. 2 The RO unit in Therasia island Three spiral wound membranes in three pressure vessels produce around 200 l/h fresh water with a concentration less than 500 ppm TDS. The energy requirements of the RO unit are of the order of 16 kWh/m 3 of produced water. The post-treatment system consists only of filtration (coal filter), (see Table 4). Table 4 Technical Characteristics of the RO Unit Product water capacity 200 l/h (0.2 m 3 /h) Feed water type sea water (42,000 ppm TDS) Product water concentration < 500 ppm Recovery Ratio 21-23 % Nominal Pressure 55 - 60 bar Temperature of operation 18 o C Membranes type spiral wound No of membranes 3 No of pressure vessels 3 Module arrangement single array Energy Consumption 16 kWh/m 3 Installed Power 3.17 kW Hours of operation depends on energy availability Operation Automatic The power supply system consists of a 15 kW wind turbine, feeding into a short-term battery storage used as a buffer. The control system allows operation of the RO unit only when the wind is sufficient, meaning that battery storage acts more as a smoothing component rather than as energy storage one. WP2 ADU-RES 23
Pic. 3 The battery storage system of the Wind-RO system in Therasia According to the developers, the main functions of the battery storage are: • to ensure that the start-up and shut down procedures of the RO unit are performed appropriately • to maintain an acceptable frequency (i.e. low) of start up and shut down sequences of the RO unit. Moreover, to reduce the energy loss in batteries, the RO unit is not run solely from the batteries i.e. when there is not sufficient power available from the wind turbine (except 30 minutes daily run sequences) to avoid membrane clogging. The running conditions to ensure the good operation of the system were not as demanding as foreseen - the battery storage strictly needed is only three hours (due to the fact that RO unit has been determined to accept operation in a relatively high cycling mode). This means that the battery storage has to be designed taking in account that the RO unit has to run 30 minutes per day whether there is wind or not. The batteries used have a storage capacity of 440 Ah (C10), 60 elements of 2 V (total 120V) connected in series. A single-phase inverter is used to convert the dc current to ac for the booster pump and secondary electricity needs. An initial option of using 2 kWp of photovoltaics was abandoned, mainly due to the low power output relative to cost and to the output of the 15 kW wind turbine made its cost prohibitive for such a system, (see Table 5). Table 5 Technical Characteristics of the Power Supply System RES Type Wind Energy/Turbine Nominal / Installed Power 15 kW Ave. wind speed 8 m/s WP2 ADU-RES 24
Page 1 and 2: Co-ordination Action for Autonomous
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 5 and 6: during the past decade there has be
Page 7 and 8: 1. INTRODUCTION The need of water i
Page 9 and 10: Researchers are still in the proces
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3 presents the progress of s
Page 13 and 14: example is found in Lampedusa islan
Page 15 and 16: (blades, etc.), plus installing two
Page 17 and 18: 3. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR TECHNOLOG
Page 19 and 20: Among the technologies selection an
Page 21 and 22: system has only cartridge filters f
Page 23 and 24: Fig 8 Block diagram of the Wind RO
Page 25: • No available supply of water on
Page 29 and 30: • in order to avoid the reduction
Page 31 and 32: on a constant basis and managing th
Page 33 and 34: c. Experiences and Lessons learnt -
Page 35 and 36: electricity for fishing conservatio
Page 37 and 38: Fig 10 Diagram of the control syste
Page 39 and 40: plant and equipment facilities, the
Page 41 and 42: 4.2 WIND ENERGY DRIVEN VAPOUR COMPR
Page 43 and 44: isolation transformer located in a
Page 45 and 46: c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt O
Page 47 and 48: 4.3 PHOTOVOLTAIC DRIVEN REVERSE OSM
Page 49 and 50: PV system (64 modules) and a 19 kWh
Page 51 and 52: c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt D
Page 53 and 54: Table 9 Costs of the PV-RO plant Eq
Page 55 and 56: . System Description The photovolta
Page 57 and 58: 4.3.5 Autonomous PV Water Pumping-R
Page 59 and 60: efficiency of the inverter for vari
Page 61 and 62: c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt T
Page 63 and 64: 4.4 SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM DRIVEN MUL
Page 65 and 66: The most outstanding solar ME syste
Page 67 and 68: (considering 50% solar contribution
Page 69 and 70: - The condensation process should b
Page 71 and 72: Sfax a. Introduction A solar multip
Page 73 and 74: 4.4.3 SODESA Project, Gran Canaria
Page 75 and 76: Fig 24 Block diagram of the pilot p
Page 77 and 78:
The pilot MED plant is designed to
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mirror concentrators are tracking t
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each component of the pilot plant.
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that the performance of the pilot p
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4.5 HYBRID POWER SUPPLY PLANT DRIVE
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- pyranometer to measure the solar
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PV Generators 3.9 kW, SM110 ……
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the replacement of the carbon and t
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d. Cost Data The unit water cost wa
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The battery bank than serving provi
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continuously to find and compare th
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5. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Ke
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6. DESALINATION RES PROJECTS The su
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Title Programme (EEC) of financial
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Title Regulation (EEC) establishing
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6.1.1. Research / Cost sharing proj
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Title Year Table 14 PV-powered proj
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time. The 4 operating years of the
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Note: As the projects were implemen
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such stand-alone systems are of gre
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The following projects (AQUASOL and
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technology (AQUASOL) technology bas
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A main point for developing the new
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Specific capital costs, €/m3 35 3
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- Solar thermal seawater desalinati
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The anticipated overall cost reduct
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The project tasks comprised: - Modi
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• The development of the collecto
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prevailing at the test site, the co
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transfer fluid. The concept of DEAH
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2005, to be started up in January 2
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• Development and testing of the
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Table 19 Wind energy desalination p
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implementation scheme for decentral
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Optionally an energy storage system
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Pic. 42 View on RO unit on Syros Pi
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unit and membranes are taken into c
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eached the level of technology, whi
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Short description of the project Th
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Table 22 Approximate costs for a ty
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• The cost of drilling and testin
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1. Collection of climatic data, i.e
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The RO plant designed for this proj
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- Generating information on market
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Turkey Water source: Ground & Surfa
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The project team focuses on the des
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9. Preparation of the installation,
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and water needs of the Mersini vill
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France 22% Greece 22% Germany 11% S
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Title Year Multi-stage-flash desali
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Characteristics of the solar fields
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vacuum pump is required upon start-
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salts whose concentration approache
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The operation tests took place at t
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It could be concluded that PV based
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well as to compare DC motor pumps w
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Project title Almeria solar powered
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Project title PV powered lighthouse
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Innovative aspects and conclusions
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Applications include domestic light
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A 32 kWp PV system with 500 Ah/220
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Menorca Wind generator based electr
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Design, manufacturing and installat
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Up to date the wind turbine has bee
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Nicolas, in West France, with wind
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connected to the grid (for back-up)
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daytime as intermediate or peak loa
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N o Acronym Title CODEC CPC collect
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N o Acronym Title SODESA AQUASOL ME
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N o Acronym Title REDDES Wind power
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SDAWES Seawater desalination plants
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No Title Year Lipari island water d
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No Title Year 1.2 MW wind turbine i
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6.1.3 Conclusions Solar thermal: Th
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Membrane desalination Hybridized Sy
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No Title Year PV powered desalinati
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Project title PV powered desalinati
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⇒ A promising battery-less system
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-- strong mismatch +/- very diverse
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technological advancements with a s
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Sea water potable solar � PV-ED p
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• the necessity for mobility of a
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to drive the desalination unit and
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The evaporation paper reduces the v
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thermal seawater desalination syste
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⇒ The model parameters for the ot
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electrical power was supplied by PV
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6.3. Other projects There are many
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Technical Description It is a horiz
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Short description of the project Th
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Project title Project acronym PUNTA
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7. DESALINATION RES MODELS In recen
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user provides as input data: the am
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RES Desalination Models ID Number 1
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ID Number 2 Name of Programme Middl
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Fig. 1, 2 Start up screen and RES p
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The main input parameters for the D
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ID Number 6 Name of Programme ALTEN
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ID Number 7 Name of Programme APAS
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wind and PV power) and conventional
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References G. Ambrosone, et al, “
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Sources for Water Production, 10-12
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APPENDIX 278
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Plant Type & Information Source Sea
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Capacity 22 m 3 /day Desalination T
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Manufacturing Company/Responsible O
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Desalination Technology Multi-Effec
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Page 293 and 294:
Energy System Type Year Commissione
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Page 297 and 298:
Plant Type & Information Source Loc
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Plant Type & Information Source Loc
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Page 303 and 304:
Desalination Technology Energy Syst
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RES Hybrid - Desalination Applicati
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A2. OTHER RES - DESALINATION TECHNO
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- efficient and compact spiral-woun
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• membrane area 6 m² - 12m² •
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pressure loss of the 7m² collector
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enough insulation is available the
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operation period between 10:00am Ma
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] E. Obermayr, K. Sc
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[24] M. Abu-Jabal et al, “Providi
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[54] Paulo Cesar Marques de Carvalh
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Co-ordination Action for Autonomous Desalination Units ... - ADU-RES

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