Co-ordination Action for Autonomous Desalination Units ... - ADU-RES

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c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt The objective of the experiment was to compare the permeate quality and specific energy consumption vs membrane working pressure for different conductivities. The conclusion was that the energy consumption decreases as feed water recovery and feed pressure increase. However, due to the short time of system’s operation there is no data on the membrane performance under variable conditions, which is the most important parameter in the coupling of these technologies. d. Cost Data No data is available. 4.3.2 RO plant coupled to PV, DESSOL Project, Pozo Izquierdo, Gran Canaria Island a. Introduction DESSOL project has co-financed by the European Commission (JOULE Programme), and has been carried out by ITC, Spain in co-operation with the Sola- Institute Jϋlich in Germany. The aim of the project was the design, installation and optimization of a drinking water production system in coastal areas isolated from the electric grid [T. Espino, 2003]. The first version of the project considered in 1998 while the second in 2000. The second version is carried out by ITC directly. The pilot system installed in Pozo Izquierdo and is still in operation. The system consists of a seawater reverse osmosis unit with a nominal production of 0.4 m 3 /hour. The pre-treatment system consists only of 2 cartridge filters of 20 and 10 μm. The produced water salinity is less than 1000 ppm TDS while the seawater salinity is of 35,500 ppm TDS. The RO unit operates at a working pressure of 55 bar and at a recovery ratio of 45%. The unit consists of 2 pressure vessels in parallel with 6 membranes each. b. System Description The total installed power of the RO unit is 3 kW, (high-pressure pump: 2.2 kW, membrane cleaning pump: 0.75 kW) and the specific energy consumption is 5.5 kWh/m 3 . The unit is operated automatically on an average of 9 hours during summer and 7 hours during wintertime. The RO unit is driven by a 4.8kWp mono-crystalline WP2 ADU-RES 45
PV system (64 modules) and a 19 kWh battery backup system. The batteries are of Pb-acid type. The nominal voltage output is 48 V (24 elements in series of 2V each). The purpose of the batteries is the stabilization of voltage and to supply power the RO unit when energy from PV is not available. A charge controller of 75 A protect the batteries from overcharge. A pure sinusoidal inverter converts the 48V output voltage from the batteries to 220V for the RO unit. Pic.12 View of the RO unit The RO unit is equipped with a double flushing system with fresh water for the membranes and pumps during the daily periods when the plant is out of operation. c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt The unit is under study regarding its performance under different feed water temperatures, regarding membranes behavior due to non-continuous operation of the unit as well as its equipment behavior under “hard” working conditions. d. Cost Data An estimation of the cost of the system is shown below: Equipment Cost PV system 25,200 € RO 30,000 € Total Unit water cost 1 9.0 €/m 3 1 the final unit water cost of such systems depends on several parameters such as the site, the solar potential, the feed water quality, etc. WP2 ADU-RES 46
Page 1 and 2: Co-ordination Action for Autonomous
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 5 and 6: during the past decade there has be
Page 7 and 8: 1. INTRODUCTION The need of water i
Page 9 and 10: Researchers are still in the proces
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3 presents the progress of s
Page 13 and 14: example is found in Lampedusa islan
Page 15 and 16: (blades, etc.), plus installing two
Page 17 and 18: 3. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR TECHNOLOG
Page 19 and 20: Among the technologies selection an
Page 21 and 22: system has only cartridge filters f
Page 23 and 24: Fig 8 Block diagram of the Wind RO
Page 25 and 26: • No available supply of water on
Page 27 and 28: Pic. 3 The battery storage system o
Page 29 and 30: • in order to avoid the reduction
Page 31 and 32: on a constant basis and managing th
Page 33 and 34: c. Experiences and Lessons learnt -
Page 35 and 36: electricity for fishing conservatio
Page 37 and 38: Fig 10 Diagram of the control syste
Page 39 and 40: plant and equipment facilities, the
Page 41 and 42: 4.2 WIND ENERGY DRIVEN VAPOUR COMPR
Page 43 and 44: isolation transformer located in a
Page 45 and 46: c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt O
Page 47: 4.3 PHOTOVOLTAIC DRIVEN REVERSE OSM
Page 51 and 52: c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt D
Page 53 and 54: Table 9 Costs of the PV-RO plant Eq
Page 55 and 56: . System Description The photovolta
Page 57 and 58: 4.3.5 Autonomous PV Water Pumping-R
Page 59 and 60: efficiency of the inverter for vari
Page 61 and 62: c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt T
Page 63 and 64: 4.4 SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM DRIVEN MUL
Page 65 and 66: The most outstanding solar ME syste
Page 67 and 68: (considering 50% solar contribution
Page 69 and 70: - The condensation process should b
Page 71 and 72: Sfax a. Introduction A solar multip
Page 73 and 74: 4.4.3 SODESA Project, Gran Canaria
Page 75 and 76: Fig 24 Block diagram of the pilot p
Page 77 and 78: The pilot MED plant is designed to
Page 79 and 80: mirror concentrators are tracking t
Page 81 and 82: each component of the pilot plant.
Page 83 and 84: that the performance of the pilot p
Page 85 and 86: 4.5 HYBRID POWER SUPPLY PLANT DRIVE
Page 87 and 88: - pyranometer to measure the solar
Page 89 and 90: PV Generators 3.9 kW, SM110 ……
Page 91 and 92: the replacement of the carbon and t
Page 93 and 94: d. Cost Data The unit water cost wa
Page 95 and 96: The battery bank than serving provi
Page 97 and 98: continuously to find and compare th
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5. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Ke
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6. DESALINATION RES PROJECTS The su
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Title Programme (EEC) of financial
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Title Regulation (EEC) establishing
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6.1.1. Research / Cost sharing proj
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Title Year Table 14 PV-powered proj
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time. The 4 operating years of the
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Note: As the projects were implemen
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such stand-alone systems are of gre
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The following projects (AQUASOL and
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technology (AQUASOL) technology bas
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A main point for developing the new
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Specific capital costs, €/m3 35 3
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- Solar thermal seawater desalinati
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The anticipated overall cost reduct
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The project tasks comprised: - Modi
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• The development of the collecto
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prevailing at the test site, the co
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transfer fluid. The concept of DEAH
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2005, to be started up in January 2
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• Development and testing of the
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Table 19 Wind energy desalination p
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implementation scheme for decentral
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Optionally an energy storage system
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Pic. 42 View on RO unit on Syros Pi
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unit and membranes are taken into c
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eached the level of technology, whi
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Short description of the project Th
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Table 22 Approximate costs for a ty
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• The cost of drilling and testin
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1. Collection of climatic data, i.e
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The RO plant designed for this proj
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- Generating information on market
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Turkey Water source: Ground & Surfa
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The project team focuses on the des
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9. Preparation of the installation,
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and water needs of the Mersini vill
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France 22% Greece 22% Germany 11% S
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Title Year Multi-stage-flash desali
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Characteristics of the solar fields
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vacuum pump is required upon start-
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salts whose concentration approache
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The operation tests took place at t
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It could be concluded that PV based
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well as to compare DC motor pumps w
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Project title Almeria solar powered
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Project title PV powered lighthouse
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Innovative aspects and conclusions
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Applications include domestic light
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A 32 kWp PV system with 500 Ah/220
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Menorca Wind generator based electr
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Design, manufacturing and installat
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Up to date the wind turbine has bee
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Nicolas, in West France, with wind
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connected to the grid (for back-up)
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daytime as intermediate or peak loa
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N o Acronym Title CODEC CPC collect
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N o Acronym Title SODESA AQUASOL ME
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N o Acronym Title REDDES Wind power
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SDAWES Seawater desalination plants
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No Title Year Lipari island water d
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No Title Year 1.2 MW wind turbine i
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6.1.3 Conclusions Solar thermal: Th
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Membrane desalination Hybridized Sy
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No Title Year PV powered desalinati
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Project title PV powered desalinati
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⇒ A promising battery-less system
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-- strong mismatch +/- very diverse
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technological advancements with a s
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Sea water potable solar � PV-ED p
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• the necessity for mobility of a
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to drive the desalination unit and
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The evaporation paper reduces the v
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thermal seawater desalination syste
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⇒ The model parameters for the ot
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electrical power was supplied by PV
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6.3. Other projects There are many
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Technical Description It is a horiz
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Short description of the project Th
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Project title Project acronym PUNTA
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7. DESALINATION RES MODELS In recen
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user provides as input data: the am
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RES Desalination Models ID Number 1
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ID Number 2 Name of Programme Middl
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Fig. 1, 2 Start up screen and RES p
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The main input parameters for the D
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ID Number 6 Name of Programme ALTEN
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ID Number 7 Name of Programme APAS
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wind and PV power) and conventional
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References G. Ambrosone, et al, “
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Sources for Water Production, 10-12
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APPENDIX 278
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Plant Type & Information Source Sea
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Capacity 22 m 3 /day Desalination T
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Manufacturing Company/Responsible O
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Desalination Technology Multi-Effec
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Page 293 and 294:
Energy System Type Year Commissione
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Plant Type & Information Source Loc
Page 299 and 300:
Plant Type & Information Source Loc
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Desalination Technology Energy Syst
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RES Hybrid - Desalination Applicati
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A2. OTHER RES - DESALINATION TECHNO
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- efficient and compact spiral-woun
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• membrane area 6 m² - 12m² •
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pressure loss of the 7m² collector
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enough insulation is available the
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operation period between 10:00am Ma
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] E. Obermayr, K. Sc
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[24] M. Abu-Jabal et al, “Providi
Page 323 and 324:
[54] Paulo Cesar Marques de Carvalh
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Co-ordination Action for Autonomous Desalination Units ... - ADU-RES

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