Co-ordination Action for Autonomous Desalination Units ... - ADU-RES

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The process of starting-up and operation of the stand-alone system can be essentially described as follows: when the start-up signal is given, the system checks the wind speed and the software control decides if there is enough wind to start up the isolated system (minimum average of 6 m/s during 5 min or similar). Under these conditions, one of the wind turbines starts to accelerate the flywheel by a 22 kW start-up motor until it reaches 48 Hz; then the synchronous machine is activated to generate a 3-phase grid of 400V, which is detected as a reference by the wind turbine. Then the turbine introduces energy to the only connected load-the flywheel-until it reaches an upper speed limit of 52 Hz [J. Carta, 2004] Fig 12 Block diagram of the MVC plant Component Description Number 1 Evaporation Chamber 2 Condensation Chamber 3 Evaporator / Condenser Plates 4a Product - Feed Water Heat Exchanger 4b Brine - Feed Water Heat Exchanger 5 Compressor 6 Electric Heater 7a Circulation Pump 7b Product Water Pump 7c Brine Pump 8 Ejector From that moment, the other wind turbine and the loads can be connected to the isolated grid; the W/T change the blade angle to adapt the supplied power consumed power. If the wind speed decreases, the control system will detect the reduction of frequency and will order a reduction in the consumption by disconnecting plants or modifying the working point until reaching the nominal frequency (52 Hz); if the wind is very weak, all the loads will be stopped. WP2 ADU-RES 41
c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt One of the most important inconveniences was the start-up when the wind speed was close to the lower limit. The total process lasted around 30 min; this can delay the process 1 or 2 hours or even more, depending on the day. Also, during system’s operation several minor failures in small components of the electric system came into view. The most common being located in the orientation blade motors of the W/T; this is presumed to be due to the continuous regulation to keep the nominal frequency (52Hz) stable [V. Subiela et al, 2004] During the first years of the project, ENERCON carried out several tests to improve the start-up process. Finally, was decided to install an ansychronous motor mechanically connected to the flywheel, to start-up since it was very difficult to generate the isolated grid directly with the synchronous machine. Additionally, concerning the operation of the flywheel, two main difficulties appeared. The first was the high mechanical friction, which consumed an important amount of energy. It was especially affected when the wind power was down and loads had to be switched off. The second difficulty was the overheating of one of the bearings with the consequent fault and haling of the start-up process. After installing the complete system, two problems were found inside the flywheel building: high temperature due to the heat produced by the flywheel-synchronous machine component, and the presence of dust from the outside. The ceiling of this building was designed to be mobile in order to install the flywheel into it by a crane, so the highest part of the walls were open, and the wind brought sand, dust and humidity inside. Concerning the experience with the desalination unit the start-up of the VC was quite long (90 min) consuming 20 kW, and then the normal operation (30 kW in the compressor plus discontinuous 10kW in the electric heater. The on-grid tests demonstrated that the unit was not designed to operate under discontinuous power supply. After several weeks to start and stop operation, the plant stopped worked. The evaporation chamber was opened and a hard layer of scale was discovered. After acid cleaning, the plant was restarted, but as it was not operating 24h/day, the problem appeared again. WP2 ADU-RES 42
Page 1 and 2: Co-ordination Action for Autonomous
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 5 and 6: during the past decade there has be
Page 7 and 8: 1. INTRODUCTION The need of water i
Page 9 and 10: Researchers are still in the proces
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3 presents the progress of s
Page 13 and 14: example is found in Lampedusa islan
Page 15 and 16: (blades, etc.), plus installing two
Page 17 and 18: 3. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR TECHNOLOG
Page 19 and 20: Among the technologies selection an
Page 21 and 22: system has only cartridge filters f
Page 23 and 24: Fig 8 Block diagram of the Wind RO
Page 25 and 26: • No available supply of water on
Page 27 and 28: Pic. 3 The battery storage system o
Page 29 and 30: • in order to avoid the reduction
Page 31 and 32: on a constant basis and managing th
Page 33 and 34: c. Experiences and Lessons learnt -
Page 35 and 36: electricity for fishing conservatio
Page 37 and 38: Fig 10 Diagram of the control syste
Page 39 and 40: plant and equipment facilities, the
Page 41 and 42: 4.2 WIND ENERGY DRIVEN VAPOUR COMPR
Page 43: isolation transformer located in a
Page 47 and 48: 4.3 PHOTOVOLTAIC DRIVEN REVERSE OSM
Page 49 and 50: PV system (64 modules) and a 19 kWh
Page 51 and 52: c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt D
Page 53 and 54: Table 9 Costs of the PV-RO plant Eq
Page 55 and 56: . System Description The photovolta
Page 57 and 58: 4.3.5 Autonomous PV Water Pumping-R
Page 59 and 60: efficiency of the inverter for vari
Page 61 and 62: c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt T
Page 63 and 64: 4.4 SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM DRIVEN MUL
Page 65 and 66: The most outstanding solar ME syste
Page 67 and 68: (considering 50% solar contribution
Page 69 and 70: - The condensation process should b
Page 71 and 72: Sfax a. Introduction A solar multip
Page 73 and 74: 4.4.3 SODESA Project, Gran Canaria
Page 75 and 76: Fig 24 Block diagram of the pilot p
Page 77 and 78: The pilot MED plant is designed to
Page 79 and 80: mirror concentrators are tracking t
Page 81 and 82: each component of the pilot plant.
Page 83 and 84: that the performance of the pilot p
Page 85 and 86: 4.5 HYBRID POWER SUPPLY PLANT DRIVE
Page 87 and 88: - pyranometer to measure the solar
Page 89 and 90: PV Generators 3.9 kW, SM110 ……
Page 91 and 92: the replacement of the carbon and t
Page 93 and 94: d. Cost Data The unit water cost wa
Page 95 and 96:
The battery bank than serving provi
Page 97 and 98:
continuously to find and compare th
Page 99 and 100:
5. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Ke
Page 101 and 102:
6. DESALINATION RES PROJECTS The su
Page 103 and 104:
Title Programme (EEC) of financial
Page 105 and 106:
Title Regulation (EEC) establishing
Page 107 and 108:
6.1.1. Research / Cost sharing proj
Page 109 and 110:
Title Year Table 14 PV-powered proj
Page 111 and 112:
time. The 4 operating years of the
Page 113 and 114:
Note: As the projects were implemen
Page 115 and 116:
such stand-alone systems are of gre
Page 117 and 118:
The following projects (AQUASOL and
Page 119 and 120:
technology (AQUASOL) technology bas
Page 121 and 122:
A main point for developing the new
Page 123 and 124:
Specific capital costs, €/m3 35 3
Page 125 and 126:
- Solar thermal seawater desalinati
Page 127 and 128:
The anticipated overall cost reduct
Page 129 and 130:
The project tasks comprised: - Modi
Page 131 and 132:
• The development of the collecto
Page 133 and 134:
prevailing at the test site, the co
Page 135 and 136:
transfer fluid. The concept of DEAH
Page 137 and 138:
2005, to be started up in January 2
Page 139 and 140:
• Development and testing of the
Page 141 and 142:
Table 19 Wind energy desalination p
Page 143 and 144:
implementation scheme for decentral
Page 145 and 146:
Optionally an energy storage system
Page 147 and 148:
Pic. 42 View on RO unit on Syros Pi
Page 149 and 150:
unit and membranes are taken into c
Page 151 and 152:
eached the level of technology, whi
Page 153 and 154:
Short description of the project Th
Page 155 and 156:
Table 22 Approximate costs for a ty
Page 157 and 158:
• The cost of drilling and testin
Page 159 and 160:
1. Collection of climatic data, i.e
Page 161 and 162:
The RO plant designed for this proj
Page 163 and 164:
- Generating information on market
Page 165 and 166:
Turkey Water source: Ground & Surfa
Page 167 and 168:
The project team focuses on the des
Page 169 and 170:
9. Preparation of the installation,
Page 171 and 172:
and water needs of the Mersini vill
Page 173 and 174:
France 22% Greece 22% Germany 11% S
Page 175 and 176:
Title Year Multi-stage-flash desali
Page 177 and 178:
Characteristics of the solar fields
Page 179 and 180:
vacuum pump is required upon start-
Page 181 and 182:
salts whose concentration approache
Page 183 and 184:
The operation tests took place at t
Page 185 and 186:
It could be concluded that PV based
Page 187 and 188:
well as to compare DC motor pumps w
Page 189 and 190:
Project title Almeria solar powered
Page 191 and 192:
Project title PV powered lighthouse
Page 193 and 194:
Innovative aspects and conclusions
Page 195 and 196:
Applications include domestic light
Page 197 and 198:
A 32 kWp PV system with 500 Ah/220
Page 199 and 200:
Menorca Wind generator based electr
Page 201 and 202:
Design, manufacturing and installat
Page 203 and 204:
Up to date the wind turbine has bee
Page 205 and 206:
Nicolas, in West France, with wind
Page 207 and 208:
connected to the grid (for back-up)
Page 209 and 210:
daytime as intermediate or peak loa
Page 211 and 212:
N o Acronym Title CODEC CPC collect
Page 213 and 214:
N o Acronym Title SODESA AQUASOL ME
Page 215 and 216:
N o Acronym Title REDDES Wind power
Page 217 and 218:
SDAWES Seawater desalination plants
Page 219 and 220:
No Title Year Lipari island water d
Page 221 and 222:
No Title Year 1.2 MW wind turbine i
Page 223 and 224:
6.1.3 Conclusions Solar thermal: Th
Page 225 and 226:
Membrane desalination Hybridized Sy
Page 227 and 228:
No Title Year PV powered desalinati
Page 229 and 230:
Project title PV powered desalinati
Page 231 and 232:
⇒ A promising battery-less system
Page 233 and 234:
-- strong mismatch +/- very diverse
Page 235 and 236:
technological advancements with a s
Page 237 and 238:
Sea water potable solar � PV-ED p
Page 239 and 240:
• the necessity for mobility of a
Page 241 and 242:
to drive the desalination unit and
Page 243 and 244:
The evaporation paper reduces the v
Page 245 and 246:
thermal seawater desalination syste
Page 247 and 248:
⇒ The model parameters for the ot
Page 249 and 250:
electrical power was supplied by PV
Page 251 and 252:
6.3. Other projects There are many
Page 253 and 254:
Technical Description It is a horiz
Page 255 and 256:
Short description of the project Th
Page 257 and 258:
Project title Project acronym PUNTA
Page 259 and 260:
7. DESALINATION RES MODELS In recen
Page 261 and 262:
user provides as input data: the am
Page 263 and 264:
RES Desalination Models ID Number 1
Page 265 and 266:
ID Number 2 Name of Programme Middl
Page 267 and 268:
Fig. 1, 2 Start up screen and RES p
Page 269 and 270:
The main input parameters for the D
Page 271 and 272:
ID Number 6 Name of Programme ALTEN
Page 273 and 274:
ID Number 7 Name of Programme APAS
Page 275 and 276:
wind and PV power) and conventional
Page 277 and 278:
References G. Ambrosone, et al, “
Page 279 and 280:
Sources for Water Production, 10-12
Page 281 and 282:
APPENDIX 278
Page 283 and 284:
Plant Type & Information Source Sea
Page 285 and 286:
Capacity 22 m 3 /day Desalination T
Page 287 and 288:
Manufacturing Company/Responsible O
Page 289 and 290:
Desalination Technology Multi-Effec
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Energy System Type Year Commissione
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Plant Type & Information Source Loc
Page 299 and 300:
Plant Type & Information Source Loc
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Desalination Technology Energy Syst
Page 305 and 306:
RES Hybrid - Desalination Applicati
Page 307 and 308:
A2. OTHER RES - DESALINATION TECHNO
Page 309 and 310:
- efficient and compact spiral-woun
Page 311 and 312:
• membrane area 6 m² - 12m² •
Page 313 and 314:
pressure loss of the 7m² collector
Page 315 and 316:
enough insulation is available the
Page 317 and 318:
operation period between 10:00am Ma
Page 319 and 320:
BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] E. Obermayr, K. Sc
Page 321 and 322:
[24] M. Abu-Jabal et al, “Providi
Page 323 and 324:
[54] Paulo Cesar Marques de Carvalh
show all

Co-ordination Action for Autonomous Desalination Units ... - ADU-RES

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?