Co-ordination Action for Autonomous Desalination Units ... - ADU-RES

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tones of fuel replaced by wind energy, tones of CO2 not-emitted to the atmosphere and fuel cost savings in Euros compared to a conventional diesel system without flywheels. This is translated to a non-emission of 130.44 tones of CO2 and a saving of 19,730 Euros in the purchase of fuel at a cost of 0.47 €/lit. Fig. 11 Benefits of the use of wind energy d. Cost Data Due to the integrated design of the system including energy conversion and supply, water desalination and wastewater treatment, ice production, etc., there are no detailed cost figures, specific to the desalination system. O&M costs are shown in the following table. Table 8 Estimated maintenance costs per year (1998 data in ECU) Equipment Cost Wind Turbine 192000 RO unit 46500 Diesel Generator 132000 O&M Cost ECU/ year O & M personnel 20,000 Wind generator maintenance 2,000 Diesel maintenance 12,000 Fuel for Diesel generators 12,000 Total 46,000 WP2 ADU-RES 37
4.2 WIND ENERGY DRIVEN VAPOUR COMPRESSION TECHNOLOGY 4.2.1 Desalination with RES, SDAWES Project, Pozo Izquierdo, Gran Canaria Island a. Introduction Desalination processes themselves are steady-state processes, which imply that they require continuous supply of energy. This means that a certain degree of adaptation and compromise has to take place to get them to operate in a satisfactory manner when coupled to a variable energy input. This in essence is what SDAWES project was designed to investigate. The project “Seawater Desalination by an Autonomous Wind Energy System”, SDAWES, was developed within the JOULE programme (JOR3-CT95-0077) of the European Commission and was coordinated by ITC, Spain. Other participants in the project were the Univ. de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC); ENERCON, Germany; IER-CIEMAT, Spain; CREST, U.K., and NEL, U.K. The basic concept of the project was the connection and the examination of the performance of three desalination processes: Reverse Osmosis (RO), Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC) and Electrodialysis Reversible (EDR) connected with a stand-alone wind energy system to produce fresh water from seawater. Regarding this, 10 desalination plants have been installed. These are as follows: - 8 RO units of 25 m 3 /day each, with a specific consumption of 7.2 kWh/m 3 - 1 EDR unit of 190 m 3 /day, with a specific consumption of 3.3 kWh/m 3 - 1 MVC unit of 50 m 3 /day, with a specific consumption of 16 kWh/m 3 The objectives of this work were as follows: a. to determine experimentally the feasibility of the stand-alone operation of wind farms isolated from conventional power grids and supplying energy to several desalination processes b. to verify the operational feasibility of the various desalination processes when the driving energy source is intermittent WP2 ADU-RES 38
Page 1 and 2: Co-ordination Action for Autonomous
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 5 and 6: during the past decade there has be
Page 7 and 8: 1. INTRODUCTION The need of water i
Page 9 and 10: Researchers are still in the proces
Page 11 and 12: Figure 3 presents the progress of s
Page 13 and 14: example is found in Lampedusa islan
Page 15 and 16: (blades, etc.), plus installing two
Page 17 and 18: 3. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR TECHNOLOG
Page 19 and 20: Among the technologies selection an
Page 21 and 22: system has only cartridge filters f
Page 23 and 24: Fig 8 Block diagram of the Wind RO
Page 25 and 26: • No available supply of water on
Page 27 and 28: Pic. 3 The battery storage system o
Page 29 and 30: • in order to avoid the reduction
Page 31 and 32: on a constant basis and managing th
Page 33 and 34: c. Experiences and Lessons learnt -
Page 35 and 36: electricity for fishing conservatio
Page 37 and 38: Fig 10 Diagram of the control syste
Page 39: plant and equipment facilities, the
Page 43 and 44: isolation transformer located in a
Page 45 and 46: c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt O
Page 47 and 48: 4.3 PHOTOVOLTAIC DRIVEN REVERSE OSM
Page 49 and 50: PV system (64 modules) and a 19 kWh
Page 51 and 52: c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt D
Page 53 and 54: Table 9 Costs of the PV-RO plant Eq
Page 55 and 56: . System Description The photovolta
Page 57 and 58: 4.3.5 Autonomous PV Water Pumping-R
Page 59 and 60: efficiency of the inverter for vari
Page 61 and 62: c. Experiences and Lessons Learnt T
Page 63 and 64: 4.4 SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM DRIVEN MUL
Page 65 and 66: The most outstanding solar ME syste
Page 67 and 68: (considering 50% solar contribution
Page 69 and 70: - The condensation process should b
Page 71 and 72: Sfax a. Introduction A solar multip
Page 73 and 74: 4.4.3 SODESA Project, Gran Canaria
Page 75 and 76: Fig 24 Block diagram of the pilot p
Page 77 and 78: The pilot MED plant is designed to
Page 79 and 80: mirror concentrators are tracking t
Page 81 and 82: each component of the pilot plant.
Page 83 and 84: that the performance of the pilot p
Page 85 and 86: 4.5 HYBRID POWER SUPPLY PLANT DRIVE
Page 87 and 88: - pyranometer to measure the solar
Page 89 and 90: PV Generators 3.9 kW, SM110 ……
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the replacement of the carbon and t
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d. Cost Data The unit water cost wa
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The battery bank than serving provi
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continuously to find and compare th
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5. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Ke
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6. DESALINATION RES PROJECTS The su
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Title Programme (EEC) of financial
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Title Regulation (EEC) establishing
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6.1.1. Research / Cost sharing proj
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Title Year Table 14 PV-powered proj
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time. The 4 operating years of the
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Note: As the projects were implemen
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such stand-alone systems are of gre
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The following projects (AQUASOL and
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technology (AQUASOL) technology bas
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A main point for developing the new
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Specific capital costs, €/m3 35 3
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- Solar thermal seawater desalinati
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The anticipated overall cost reduct
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The project tasks comprised: - Modi
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• The development of the collecto
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prevailing at the test site, the co
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transfer fluid. The concept of DEAH
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2005, to be started up in January 2
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• Development and testing of the
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Table 19 Wind energy desalination p
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implementation scheme for decentral
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Optionally an energy storage system
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Pic. 42 View on RO unit on Syros Pi
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unit and membranes are taken into c
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eached the level of technology, whi
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Short description of the project Th
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Table 22 Approximate costs for a ty
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• The cost of drilling and testin
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1. Collection of climatic data, i.e
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The RO plant designed for this proj
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- Generating information on market
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Turkey Water source: Ground & Surfa
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The project team focuses on the des
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9. Preparation of the installation,
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and water needs of the Mersini vill
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France 22% Greece 22% Germany 11% S
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Title Year Multi-stage-flash desali
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Characteristics of the solar fields
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vacuum pump is required upon start-
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salts whose concentration approache
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The operation tests took place at t
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It could be concluded that PV based
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well as to compare DC motor pumps w
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Project title Almeria solar powered
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Project title PV powered lighthouse
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Innovative aspects and conclusions
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Applications include domestic light
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A 32 kWp PV system with 500 Ah/220
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Menorca Wind generator based electr
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Design, manufacturing and installat
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Up to date the wind turbine has bee
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Nicolas, in West France, with wind
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connected to the grid (for back-up)
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daytime as intermediate or peak loa
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N o Acronym Title CODEC CPC collect
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N o Acronym Title SODESA AQUASOL ME
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N o Acronym Title REDDES Wind power
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SDAWES Seawater desalination plants
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No Title Year Lipari island water d
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No Title Year 1.2 MW wind turbine i
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6.1.3 Conclusions Solar thermal: Th
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Membrane desalination Hybridized Sy
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No Title Year PV powered desalinati
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Project title PV powered desalinati
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⇒ A promising battery-less system
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-- strong mismatch +/- very diverse
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technological advancements with a s
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Sea water potable solar � PV-ED p
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• the necessity for mobility of a
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to drive the desalination unit and
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The evaporation paper reduces the v
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thermal seawater desalination syste
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⇒ The model parameters for the ot
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electrical power was supplied by PV
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6.3. Other projects There are many
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Technical Description It is a horiz
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Short description of the project Th
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Project title Project acronym PUNTA
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7. DESALINATION RES MODELS In recen
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user provides as input data: the am
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RES Desalination Models ID Number 1
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ID Number 2 Name of Programme Middl
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Fig. 1, 2 Start up screen and RES p
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The main input parameters for the D
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ID Number 6 Name of Programme ALTEN
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ID Number 7 Name of Programme APAS
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wind and PV power) and conventional
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References G. Ambrosone, et al, “
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Sources for Water Production, 10-12
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APPENDIX 278
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Plant Type & Information Source Sea
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Capacity 22 m 3 /day Desalination T
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Manufacturing Company/Responsible O
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Desalination Technology Multi-Effec
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Energy System Type Year Commissione
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Plant Type & Information Source Loc
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Plant Type & Information Source Loc
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Desalination Technology Energy Syst
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RES Hybrid - Desalination Applicati
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A2. OTHER RES - DESALINATION TECHNO
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- efficient and compact spiral-woun
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• membrane area 6 m² - 12m² •
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pressure loss of the 7m² collector
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enough insulation is available the
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operation period between 10:00am Ma
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] E. Obermayr, K. Sc
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[24] M. Abu-Jabal et al, “Providi
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[54] Paulo Cesar Marques de Carvalh
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