ACHARYA N.G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

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EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES applied as per the treatments one week before sowing of the crop as basal dose. At the time of sowing seed, 1/3 of nitrogen and full dose of phosphorus and full dose of potassium were applied in treatment (T 2 ) in the furrows and mixed well in the soil before sowing (T 2 ). The remaining 2/3 nitrogen was applied on 20 th and 40 th day after sowing. The nutrients were applied in the form of urea (46% N), single superphosphate (16% P 2 O 5 ) and muriate of potash (60% K 2 O). Regular weeding, irrigation and plant protection were followed. In each plot, five plants were selected at random and tagged for observations. Observations on growth parameters, yield and nutrient uptake viz., vine length (cm), number of branches per vine, internodal length (cm), node at which first female flower appeared, fruit yield per vine (g) and N, P and K uptake (kg/ha) were recorded. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of the mean data of the experiment on growth parameters and yield viz., vine length (cm), number of branches per vine, internodal length (cm), node at which first female flower appeared, fruit yield per vine (g) and nutrient uptake are presented in Table 1. Application of recommended dose of fertilizers recorded highest vine length (167 cm) and highest number of branches per vine (5.75) but was on par with vermicompost 18 t ha -1 which recorded 165 cm of vine length and 5.68 number of branches per vine. Significantly lowest vine length (126 cm) was recorded with control while lowest number of branches per vine was recorded with control and neem cake 3 t ha -1 which recorded 4.28 and 4.37 number of branches respectively and were on par. The increased vine length might be due to continued vegetative growth enhanced by split application of nitrogen. The highest vine length in the best treatment might be due to ready availability of nutrients, their improved absorption and translocation by plants more quickly, which resulted in higher photosynthetic activity than other treatments. Increased rate of photosynthetic products entering into the system might have caused cell elongation and rapid cell division in the growing portion resulting in more number of branches per vine. Similar results were reported by Singh and Chhonkar (1986) in muskmelon. The application of RDF recorded the longest internodal length (16.44) which was on par with vermicompost 18 t and 14 t ha -1 (16.37 and 16.18 respectively). The shorter internodal length was observed with control (14.00) which was on par with neem cake 3 t ha -1 (14.21). The increased vine length due to higher availability and uptake of nutrients might have resulted in increased internodal length of the vine. The lowest node number at which first female flower appeared was recorded with RDF (1.88) which was significantly superior to all the other treatments but was on par with vermicompost 18 t ha -1 (1.95). Significantly highest node at which first female flower appeared was recorded with control (2.68). In cucurbits, the lower node at which first female flower appear, the earlier is the crop. The increased vegetative growth due to the best treatment has inturn helped to produce more photosynthates and flowering stimulus, resulted in early induction of female flower at the lower nodes.The best performance of vermicompost was due to the presence of ample quantities of nutrients, vitamins and growth substances in vermicompost might have resulted in higher vine length and number of branches per vine resulting in higher yield in gherkin (Curry and Byrne, 1992). The highest fruit yield per vine was recorded with RDF (276 g) which was on par with vermicompost 18 t ha -1 (257 g). Significantly lowest total fruit yield per vine (120 g) was recorded with control. The vigorous vegetative growth which might have accelerated the photosynthetic rate and thereby increased the supply of carbohydrates. Better assimilation of these carbohydrates might have created favourable conditions for auxin synthesis inducing more female flowers resulting in more number of fruits per vine which inturn might have increased the yield. The present results were in conformity with the findings of Shivashankaramurthy et al. (2007). Application of recommended dose of fertilizers recorded significantly highest uptake of nitrogen (126 kg/ha), phosphorus (55 kg/ha) and potassium (287 kg/ha) which was significantly superior to all other treatments. The lowest nitrogen and phosphorus uptake was recorded with the treatments, control and neem cake 3 t ha -1 which 27
BINDIYA et al Table 1. Effect of different organic manures and biofertilizers on vine length (cm), number of branches per vine, internodal length(cm), node at which first female flower appeared, fruit yield per vine(g) and nutrient uptake in gherkin Treatments Vine length (cm) Number of branches per vine Internodal length (cm) Node at which first female flower appeared Fruit yield Per vine (g) Nutrient uptake (kg /ha) Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium T1 - control 126 4.28 14.00 2.68 120 68 28 178 T2 - RDF (150 N: 75 P: 150 K kgha -1 ) 167 5.75 16.44 1.88 276 126 55 287 T3 - Neem cake @ 3 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers 137 4.37 14.21 2.52 161 72 29 180 T4 - Neem cake @ 4.2 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers 141 4.58 14.80 2.38 190 81 35 191 T5 - Neem cake @ 5.4 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers 146 4.76 15.39 2.13 212 91 38 207 T6 - Vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers 155 5.18 15.96 2.08 240 113 44 216 T7 - Vermicompost @ 14 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers 157 5.51 16.18 2.01 246 118 45 222 T8 - Vermicompost @ 18 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers 165 5.68 16.37 1.95 257 120 46 254 T9 - Castor cake @ 3 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers 139 4.43 14.65 2.40 176 82 33 186 T10 - Castor cake @ 4.2 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers 146 4.77 15.39 2.25 214 88 37 204 T11 - Castor cake @ 5.4 t ha-1 + Biofertilizers 150 5.17 15.83 2.13 228 98 41 209 Mean 148 4.95 15.38 2.22 211 96 39 212 SEm+ 2.79 0.04 0.11 0.03 6.89 1.71 0.82 4.54 CD at 5% 8.23 0.11 0.32 0.09 20.32 5.04 2.43 13.4 * Biofertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB @ 2 kg per ha) ** FYM @ 25 t per ha was applied to all the treatments as basal dose 28
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Page 17 and 18: REDDY et al REFERENCES Bhatt, S.P.,
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