ACHARYA N.G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

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JOB RELATED TENSIONS AMONG SOFTWARE AND NON-SOFTWARE IT companies and 150 non-software professionals working in banks, telecom services and government offices. The 150 sample in each category consisted of 75 freshers with less than one year work experience and 75 with a minimum of five years of work experience. Job-related tension index (JRTI) was designed to measure employee perceptions of jobrelated tensions. The scale comprised of 15 items asking about the frequency of job-related tension events and the extent of role overload. Responses were obtained on a summated rating scale format ranging from “never” to “always.” Higher score indicated higher perceived job-related tensions. Hypotheses: The hypotheses framed to pursue the objectives were 1. There is no difference in the job related tension faced by software and non-software professionals with respect to their work experience. 2. There is no difference in the job related tension faced by software and non-software professionals with respect to the area to which they belong (urban/rural). Design and Procedure: For the purpose of the present investigation, factorial design based upon three different independent variables viz., i) the type of occupation, ii) work experience iii) area to which they belong by birth was followed. The first independent variable viz., type of occupation (A) varied in two ways –non-software(A1) and software(A2); the second independent variable work experience (B) varied in two ways freshers (B1) and experienced (B2); the third independent variable area (C) varied in two ways – Urban(C1) and Rural(C2). In order to analyze the data, a (2×2×2) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the three independent variables in case of significant main effects as well as interaction; the ANOVA was supplemented by t-test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results indicate that in case of area, F- ratio 84.57 (Table 1) was significant at. 0.01 level. Area had a significant independent effect upon the job related tension scores of the subjects. In order to interpret this, t-test was applied. The results for the same have been given in Table 2. Table 1. Summary of (2×2×2) ANOVA for job related tension (Occupation× Experience × Area) *Significant at .01 level Source of F-ratios Variation A 2.27 B 0.43 C 84.57* A×B 0.35 A×C 0.02 B×C 0.98 A×B×C 45.62* Table 2. Mean and t-ratio of job related tension Scores on Area S.No. Group Mean t-ratio 1. C1 14.07 11.51** 2. C2 7.16 *Significant at .01 level 43
NEERAJA and SWAROCHISH Table 3. t-ratios for difference of mean job related tension scores of different combination groups for occupation × experience × area Groups Means t-ratios A1 B1C1 vs. B1C2 14.50 6.57 6.49** B2C1 vs. B2C2 12.81 6.74 4.98** A2 B1C1 vs. B1C2 14.64 7.52 5.83** B2C1 vs. B2C2 14.32 7.78 5.36** *Significant at .01 level The t-ratios for difference between job related tension scores were significant (Table 3). All combinations of occupation, experience and area differed significantly on job related tension scores 8-9 hours per day it is usually much more because of unrealistic deadlines set by managers. Additionally many individuals work on weekends to meet deadlines and make their managers happy for a better raise Table 4. Group-wise arrangement of mean job related tension scores in descending order for occupation x experience x area Groups Means A2 B1 C1 14.64 A1 B1 C1 14.50 A2 B2 C1 14.32 A1 B2 C1 12.81 A2 B2 C2 7.78 A2 B1 C2 7.52 A1 B2 C2 6.74 A1 B1 C2 6.57 from one another. The mean scores on job related tension have been arranged in descending order in Table 4. It is seen that software professionals without experience (freshers) and belonging to urban had the highest job related tension scores. Non-software professionals without experience (freshers) belonging to rural area had the lowest job related tension scores. These results indicated difference in the job related tension of software and non-software professionals existed with respect to the experience and area. Hence, both the null hypotheses stand rejected. The present study revealed that software professionals faced more job related tensions than non-software professionals. This may be due to the nature of software profession. Most software companies try to extract maximum work out of the candidate. Even though the official working hours are and job security. On the other hand non-software jobs are with fixed hours of work with pre defined role responsibilities and without unrealistic deadlines. Lim and Teo (1999) identified factors that generate stress at workplace among IT professionals. He conducted a study among 308 information technology professionals in Singapore and grouped the factors that generate stress at workplace into four broad categories as (i) lack of career advancement related to the problem of high rate of employee turnover (ii) work overload resulting in spillover of workload at home and guilt and dissatisfaction for being less attentive to family (iii) risk taking and decision making consisting of fear of making mistakes and (iv) employee morale and organizational culture related to lack of participation in decisions affecting their work, undue blame for machine failure and difficulty in team work considering the fluid and non-involved nature of work. 44
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ACHARYA N.G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

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