ACHARYA N.G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

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DRY MATTER PARTITIONING AND GRAIN YIELD POTENTIAL OF MAIZE Table 2. Partitioning of dry matter and grain yield potential in maize as affected by sowing dates and N application levels Date of sowing (D) Number of grains cob -1 Grain yield g plant -1 2009 2010 2009 2010 Mean 2009 2010 Mean 7 Jul 18 Jun 376 390 383 112 115 114 21 Jul 2 Jul 387 364 375 116 106 111 6 Aug 17 Jul 348 338 343 102 99 96 22 Aug 2 Aug 317 301 309 94 89 92 Mean 357 348 353 106 102 103 S.Em+ 7 12 3 4 CD at 5% 17 29 8 10 Nitrogen (N) (kg ha -1 ) 0 113 112 112 28 26 27 100 337 327 332 99 97 98 200 434 422 428 136 131 134 300 446 435 440 140 136 138 400 453 446 450 143 140 142 Mean 357 348 353 109 106 108 S.Em+ 11 13 8 12 CD at 5% 22 27 28 26 Interaction (D X N) S. Em+ 21 26 8 12 CD at 5% NS NS NS NS 33
RANI et al and 2 August sown crops. Increase in N rates increased mean stem weight from 16 g per plant -1 (with out N application) to 48 g plant -1 in the crop that received the highest rate of N (400 kg ha -1 ). At physiological maturity cob weight per plant was found to vary significantly with sowing dates and graded levels of nitrogen. Delayed sowing beyond 21 July and 17 July reduced the mean cob weight plant -1 to 167 g plant-1 from 203 g plant -1 with early sown crop. Cob weight per plant increased with increase in nitrogen application. Weight per ear increased from a minimum of 38.0 g plant -1 with out N application to 156.0 g plant -1 at 400 kg N ha -1 . Sowing beyond 21 July and 17 July reduced the grain number by 317 and 301 against 387 in 21 July sown crop and 390 in 18 June sown crop during both the years of study. Increase in grains cob -1 was attributed to better LAI, which consequently increased the radiation use efficiency and resulted in the total DM production and its distribution to cobs as evidenced at maturity (Table 2). Superior cob size in early sown crop and more number of rows cob -1 inturn produced more number of grains cob -1 . In both the years, delay in sowing beyond 21 July and 17 July showed reduction of number of grains cob -1 by 18% and 23%, respectively. Number of seeds ear -1 showed positive relationship with N rates.. Increasing N rate increased number of grains cob-1 from a minimum of 112 (0 kg ha -1 ) to a maximum of 450 (400 kg ha -1 ) but significant increase was observed upto 200 kg ha -1 . Dates of sowing and nitrogen levels were found to influence grain yield per plant during both the years of study (Table 2). Delay in sowing beyond 6 August in 2009 and 17 July in 2010 reduced the grain yield per plant by 19% and 23% respectively over 21 July in 2009and 18 June in 2010. The highest grain yield of 143g per plant in 2009 and 140 g per plant in 2010 was produced with 400 kg N ha -1 application, while the lowest yield of 28 and 26 g per plant was recorded with out N application during both the years of study. However significant increase was observed only upto 200 kg N ha -1 application. Optimum time of sowing for higher DMP and grain yield would be from 18 June to 21 July with highest partitioning (64%) towards cob followed by stem (20%) and leaf (16%). Application of 200kg N ha -1 produced higher DM and grain yield with highest partitioning towards cob followed by stem and leaf as that of dates of sowing. REFERENCES CMIE. 2009. Data base Indian harvest. Centre for monitoring Indian Economy, Central Library Hyderabad. ANGRAU. IRRI and CIMMYT. 2006. Rice-maize systems for improving the quality of life of Asia’s poor. Pandey, R.K., Maranville, J.W and M.M. Chetima. 2000. Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on maize in a Sahelian environment II. Shoot growth, nitrogen uptake and water extraction. Agricultural Water Management. 46(1):15-27. Raja, R. 2001. Effect of time of sowing and nutrient levels on dryland sorghum varieties and evaluation of DSSAT v3.5 CERES-Sorghum model to optimize farm management strategies. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Rajcan, I and Tollenaar, M. 1999. Source:sink ratio and leaf senescence in maize: I. Dry matter accumulation and partitioning during grain filling. Field Crops Research. 60(3):245-253. Ramu, R.Y. 2005. Agrotechniques for enhancing productivity and quality of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) Ph.D Thesis submitted to ANGRAU. Tollenaar, M and Aguilera, A. 1992. Radiation use efficiency of anold and a new maize hybrid. Agronomy Journal. 84: 536–541. Turgut, I. 2000. Effects of plant populations and nitrogen doses on fresh ear yield and yield components of sweet corn grown under Bursa conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forest. 24(3):341-347. 34
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