Chapter 128
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
2118 PART 6 ■ Specific Considerations<br />
25. The Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 (England). Local Authority<br />
Social Services Letter (LASSL) 2004. 4. Available at: http://www.<br />
dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Lettersandcirculars/Localauthorit<br />
ysocialservicesletters/AllLASSLs/DH_4074779. Accessed September 22,<br />
2010.<br />
26. Brazier M. The practice of medicine today. In: Brazier M, Cave E, editors.<br />
Medicine, Patients and the Law. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books; 1992:<br />
10:73–93.<br />
27. Williams N, Kapila L. Complications of circumcision. Brit J Surg. 1993;80:<br />
1231–1236.<br />
28. Management of Foreskin Conditions and Male Circumcision. Statement<br />
from the British Association of Paediatric Urologists, the Royal College of<br />
Nursing, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, the Royal<br />
College of Surgeons of England and the Royal College of Anaesthetists.<br />
2007. Available at: http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/media/medianews/statement<br />
onmalecircumcision. Accessed September 22, 2010.<br />
29. Wheeler R. Gillick or Fraser? A plea for consistency over competence in<br />
children. Brit Med J. 2006;8:807–812.<br />
30. Dwyer JG. Parents’ religion and children’s welfare: debunking the doctrine<br />
of parents’ rights. Calif Law Rev. 1994;82:1371–1447.<br />
31. Re J (a minor) (prohibited steps order: circumcision), sub nom Re J<br />
(child’s religious upbringing and circumcision) and Re J (specific issue<br />
orders, Muslim upbringing and circumcision). Federal Legal Rep (1 FLR<br />
571) 2000 and Federal Court Rep (1 FCR 307) 2000. Butterworth’s Med<br />
Law Rev (BMLR). 2000;52:82–96.<br />
32. Re S (children) (specific issue: circumcision). Federal Legal Rep (FLR).<br />
2005;1:236.<br />
33. Simms v Simms. Weekly Law Rep (WLR). 2003;2:1465 and All England<br />
Law Rep (All ER). 2003;1:669.<br />
34. Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental<br />
Freedoms (CETS 005). The European Convention on Human Rights.<br />
Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. Rome (4.IX.1950, TS 71; Cmnd<br />
8969). Human Rights Act 1988. Available at: http://conventions.coe.<br />
int/treaty/Commun/QueVoulezVous.asp?NT=005&CL=ENG. Accessed<br />
September 22, 2010.<br />
35. The law and ethics of male circumcision—guidance for doctors. British<br />
Medical Association. Available at: http://www.cirp.org/library/statements/<br />
bma2003/. Accessed September 22, 2010.<br />
36. Human Tissue Act 2004. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Available at:<br />
http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2004/pdf/ukpga_20040030_en.pdf.<br />
Accessed: April 21, 2010.<br />
37. Council of Europe. The European Convention on Human Rights and<br />
Biomedicine. Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights<br />
and Biomedicine. On Transplantation of Organs and Tissues of Human<br />
Origin. 2002; Article 14. 2008. Strasbourg, France: European Union.<br />
Available at: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/186.<br />
htm. Accessed: April 21, 2010.<br />
38. McLean SAM. A patient’s right to know. In: Legal Issues in Medicine.<br />
Aldershot: Gower/Darmouth Publishing; 1989. pp. 93–113.<br />
39. Sidaway v. Bethlem Royal Hospital Governors. All England Law Rep (All<br />
ER). 1985;1:643 HL.<br />
40. Bovine Growth Hormone. 21 September 1982 (VI ZR 302/80) VersR 1982<br />
(1193–1194).<br />
41. Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of Bioethics. 4th ed. New York:<br />
Oxford University Press; 1994. p. 270.<br />
42. Bolam v Friern. Hospital Management Committee. All England Law Rep<br />
(2 All ER 118) 1957 and Weekly Law Rep (1 WLR 582) 1957.<br />
43. Mason K. Consent to treatment and research in the ICU. In: Ethics and the<br />
Law in Intensive Care. Pace NA, McLean SAM, editors. New York: Oxford<br />
University Press; 1997. p. 38.<br />
44. Maynard v. West Midlands Regional Health Authority. All England Law<br />
Rep (1 All ER 635). 1985.<br />
45. Scarman L. Law and medical practice. In: Byrne P, editor. Medicine in<br />
Contemporary Society. London: King Edward’s Hospital Fund for London;<br />
1987. p. 134.<br />
46. Bolitho v. City and Hackney Health Authority. All England Law Rep<br />
(4 All ER 771). 1997.<br />
47. Giesen D. The patient’s right to know—a comparative law perspective.<br />
Med Law. 1993;12:553–565.<br />
48. Canterbury v. Spence (1972). 464 F2d 772 (DC Cir 1972).<br />
49. Rogers v. Whittaker (HC Australia). Med Law Rev (4 Med LR 79) 1993<br />
50. Edgars J, Morton NS, Pace NA. Review of ethics in paediatric anaesthesia:<br />
consent issues. Paed Anaesth. 2001;11;355–71.<br />
51. Bovine Growth Hormone. (1984) 7 Feb 1984 (VI ZR 174/82) BGHZ 90,<br />
103 (107–108, 111).<br />
52. European Parliament and of the Council of Europe. Directive 2001/20/EC<br />
on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative<br />
provisions of the Member States relating to the implementation of good<br />
clinical practice in the conduct of clinical trials on medicinal products<br />
for human use. J Eur Communities. 2001;April 4:L121–134.<br />
53. The Medicines for Human Use (Clinical Trials) Amendment (No. 2)<br />
Regulations. Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament. United Kingdom. The<br />
Stationery Office Limited; 2006. Schedule 1, Part 4.<br />
54. Evans D, Evans M. A Decent Proposal: Ethical Review of Clinical Research.<br />
Chichester: J Wiley & Sons; 1996. p. 99.<br />
55. Human D, Fluss SS. World Medical Association’s Declaration of<br />
Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human<br />
Subjects. 52nd World Medical Association General Assembly, Edinburgh,<br />
Scotland, October 2000.<br />
56. The Medicines for Human Use (Clinical Trials) Amendment (No. 2)<br />
Regulations. Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament. United Kingdom. The<br />
Stationery Office Limited; 2004. Schedule 1, Part 4.<br />
57. Children’s Act 2004. Amendment of Section 67 of the Children’s Act 1989,<br />
s.2 (7). England: Office of Public Sector Information. 2004.<br />
58. Re R (a minor) (wardship: medical treatment). All England Law Rep (All<br />
ER). 1991;4:184.<br />
59. Alderson P. Competent children? Minors’ consent to health care<br />
treatment and research. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65:2272–2283.<br />
60. Redmon RB. How children can be respected as “ends” yet still be used as<br />
subjects in non-therapeutic research. J Med Ethics. 1986;12:77–82.<br />
61. Dworkin G. Legality of consent to non-therapeutic medical research on<br />
infants and young children. Arch Dis Child. 1978;53:443–446.<br />
62. Somerville MA. Therapeutic and non-therapeutic medical procedures—<br />
what are the distinctions? Health Law Can. 1981;2:85–90.<br />
63. S v. S. All England Law Rep (All ER). 1970;3:107, HL.<br />
64. Hull D. Guidelines for the ethical conduct of medical research involving<br />
children. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health: Ethics Advisory<br />
Committee. Arch Dis Child. 2000;82:177–182.<br />
65. Institute of Medical Ethics. Medical research with children: ethics, law<br />
and practice. Bull Med Ethics. 1986;14:8.<br />
66. Medical Research Council Ethics Guide. Medical Research Involving<br />
Children. London: Medical Research Council; 2004.<br />
67. Withholding or withdrawing life sustaining treatment in children—a<br />
framework for practice. 2nd ed. London: Royal College of Paediatrics and<br />
Child Health; 2004.<br />
68. Farmer R. “Fetal rights” initiatives concern abortion rights supporters.<br />
National Organization for Women. 2001. Available at: http://www.now.<br />
org/nnt/fall-2001/fetalrights.html. Accessed September 22, 2010.<br />
69. Congress of the United States of America. The Unborn Victims of<br />
Violence Act of 2004. H.R. 1997. Public Law 108–212. March 25, 2004.<br />
70. Rosenburg J. Low birth weight is linked to timing of prenatal care and<br />
other maternal factors. Int Fam Plan Perspect. 2006; July 31.<br />
71. Center for Reproductive Rights. Punishing women for their behavior during<br />
pregnancy: an approach that undermines women’s health and children’s<br />
interests. New York, NY: Center for Reproductive Rights; 2000;1:71.