Prototyping of microfluidic systems with integrated ... - DTU Nanotech

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xiv CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction In the last two decades the field of microfluidics and its applications have developed at an incredible pace. From the birth of the micro total analysis or µTAS concept in 1990 [1], to the status at present, a tremendous advance has been achieved in the field. Several factors were important in the creation of the µTAS field. In macroscopic chemical analysis, a chemical sample typically undergoes many different processes, such as sampling, filtering, reaction, and separation. The risk of loss and of contamination from the outside world increases for each step, along with the processing time. The time factor was also a problem when treating a large number of samples. Methods to automatise and parallelise sample treatment were requested as a solution to these problems. Flow injection analysis was invented in the mid-1970s by Ruzicka and Hansen [2]. This continuous-flow method for chemical analysis was an important step for the process of miniaturising and automating analytical chemistry. In the 1980s, the total analysis system, or TAS was conceived. The integration of all necessary processes in a single device would make the equipment bulky, and attempts to miniaturise the device were a natural consequence, leading to the coining of the µTAS concept. Soon, the term lab-on-a-chip emerged as a consequence of the fact that more than just chemical analysis could be made in such systems. Also, chemical and bio-chemical processes like synthesis and cell-culturing could potentially be made in such systems. Initially, most of the research on miniaturising chemical analysis was carried out in silicon based systems. This was caused by the fact 1
Page 1 and 2: Prototyping of Microfluidic Systems
Page 3 and 4: Preface This thesis is one of the r
Page 5 and 6: joining the substrate, optical laye
Page 7 and 8: Disse metoder inkluderer: • Mikro
Page 9 and 10: Many thanks to the collaborators in
Page 11 and 12: microfluidic systems. In Klavs Jens
Page 13 and 14: Contents Preface i Abstract ii Resu
Page 15: CONTENTS xiii 5 Optical waveguides
Page 19 and 20: 1.1 Downscaling 3 Figure 1.1: Scali
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Page 24 and 25: 8 Theoretical aspects - microfluidi
Page 26 and 27: 10 Theoretical aspects - microfluid
Page 38 and 39: 22 Polymer materials - mainly Topas
Page 52 and 53: 36 Fabrication methods results are
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Page 60 and 61: 44 Fabrication methods Generally, t
Page 62 and 63: 46 Fabrication methods branch. Sec-
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50 Fabrication methods Topas on Top
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52 Fabrication methods Table 4.2: C
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54 Fabrication methods Figure 4.8:
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56 Fabrication methods that the str
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58 Fabrication methods the excimer
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60 Fabrication methods 500 µm 500
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62 Fabrication methods wedge tests
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Chapter 5 Optical waveguides in Top
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5.1 Waveguide fabrication 67 It sho
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5.2 Propagation loss measurements 6
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5.3 Thermal treatment of the surfac
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5.4 Optical cuvette absorbance meas
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5.4 Optical cuvette absorbance meas
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5.5 A refractive index sensor 81 fr
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5.5 A refractive index sensor 83 a
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5.6 Summary 85 5.5.3 Improvements I
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Until further notice, Chapter 6 is
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96 Discussion and outlook transpare
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References [1] A. Manz, N. Graber,
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REFERENCES 101 [20] David Walton an
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REFERENCES 103 [41] Kiha Lee and Da
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REFERENCES 105 prototyping of polym
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REFERENCES 107 [81] M. Grumann, J.
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