Car Ownership? Evidence from the Copenhagen Metropolitan Area

Table A.2.2 First step IV estimation results for dual earners households
[1] [2] [3] [4]
Log
(standardized
house,
apartment
price)
Share of
higher
educated
Employment
access with
public transport
for no car
owners
Employment
access with
public
transport for
one car owners
Proximity to the nearest metro station (km) * dummy variable
indicating no car
‐0.0003
(0.003)
‐0.024*
(0.013)
14.024***
(1.803)
‐4.291**
(1.953)
Proximity to the nearest metro station (km) * dummy variable
indicating one car
‐0.0001
(0.003)
‐0.029**
(0.013)
‐4.350**
(1.846)
10.529***
(1.999)
Number of conserved/protected buildings per sq.km. ‐0.001
(0.002)
‐0.005
(0.010)
‐3.606***
(1.377)
‐2.650*
(1.491)
Distance to the CBD.
‐3.03e‐07
(0.001)
0.006***
(0.001)
‐0.677***
(0.080)
‐0.775***
(0.087)
Dummy variable indicating non‐apartment 0.004
(0.003)
‐0.244***
(0.014)
‐5.937***
(1.943)
3.311
(2.104)
Dummy variable indicating non‐apartment * dummy variable
indicating one car
0.0003
(0.003)
0.019*
(0.011)
6.043***
(1.438)
‐2.460
(1.557)
Dummy variable indicating non‐apartment * dummy variable
indicating two cars
0.0002
(0.004)
‐0.035**
(0.014)
6.033***
(2.060)
‐1.524
(2.230)
Dummy variable indicating parking charging * dummy
variable indicating one car
0.00001
(0.003)
0.035***
(0.013)
‐0.372
(1.818)
12.941***
(1.969)
Dummy variable indicating parking charging * dummy
variable indicating two cars
0.001
(0.006)
0.078***
(0.026)
‐3.083
(3.690)
‐2.995
(3.996)
Social housing (share) ‐0.002
(0.003)
‐0.054***
(0.012)
2.936*
(1.710)
6.884***
(1.851)
Dummy variable indicating one car
9.85e‐06
(0.002)
‐0.016*
(0.009)
‐78.845***
(1.313)
76.091***
(1.421)
Dummy variable indicating two cars 0.00003
(0.003)
‐0.009
(0.013)
‐78.778***
(1.822)
0.921
(1.972)
Prices that would clear the market if there were no
unobserved heterogeneity (IV)
0.994***
(0.004)
0.349***
(0.017)
0.153
(2.379)
‐4.137
(2.576)
Distance to the nearest school in 1890 (IV) ‐0.0002
(0.0002)
‐0.008***
(0.001)
0.513***
(0.112)
0.556***
(0.121)
Distance to the nearest train station in 1939 *dummy
Indicating no car (IV)
0.0001
(0.001)
‐0.032***
(0.004)
‐14.112***
(0.628)
‐0.422
(0.680)
Distance to the nearest train station in 1939 *dummy
Indicating one car (IV)
‐0.0001
(0.001)
‐0.036***
(0.004)
0.143
(0.575)
‐14.971***
(0.623)
Constant 0.001
(0.004)
0.114***
(0.016)
84.472
(2.250)
7.369***
(2.436)
Partial R‐squared 0.2865 0.1960 0.3915 0.3619
No. of observations 636 636 636 636
Notes: standard errors in parentheses; standardized house/apartment price and, share of higher educated and employment access with public
transport are instrumented; ***, ** indicate that estimates are significantly different from zero at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively.
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