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TABLE 4. List of items of each construct (continued)
Enablers
Item No.
IV. Information Technologies
4.1 Effectiveness
4.1.1 Existence of Information technologies 27
4.1.2 Applications and databases 14
4.1.3 Benefits of information technologies 5
4.2 Efficiency
4.2.1 Use, maintenance and support 45
4.3 Required knowledge and skills
4.3.1 Required knowledge and skills 22
4.4 Integration
4.4.1 Integration to role activities 39
V. Structure
5.1 Organizational forms
5.1.1 Informal activities 13
5.1.2 Formal activities 41
5.1.3 Hierarchical levels 20
5.1.4 Departments interaction 30
5.2 Knowledge networks
5.2.1 Teamwork and empowerment 1
5.2.2 Communities of practice 46
5.3 Physical facilities
5.3.1 Buildings, offices and work spaces 8
VI. Measurement
6.1 Economic impact
6.1.1 Financial incentives 48
6.2 Indicators
6.2.1 Financial indicators 49
6.2.2 Non-financial indicators 50
6.3 Feedback
6.3.1 Feedback for improvement 51
6.4 Intellectual capital
6.4.1 Metrics to measure intellectual capital 52
Processes
Item No.
P.1 Create
P.1.1 Creation of new ideas and knowledge 26
P.1.2 Learning between employees 7
P.1.3 Sharing knowledge with clients and suppliers 18
P.1.4 Freedom and trust to new possibilities 10
P.1.5 Attitude toward mistakes 33
P.1.6 Personal development opportunities 16
P.2 Store
P.2.1 Documenting key knowledge and lessons learned 9
P.2.2 Efficient processes to classify and store knowledge 40
P.2.3 Documented procedures 3
P.2.4 Applications and databases 14
P.2.5 Maintenance to physical facilities and electronic means 34
P.2.6 Time 35
(Continue)
TABLE 4. List of items of each construct (continued)
P.3 Transfer
Enablers
Item No.
P.3.1 Learning between employees 7
P.3.2 Sharing knowledge with internal clients and suppliers 18
P.3.3 Personal development opportunities 16
P.3.4 Buildings, offices and work spaces 8
P.3.5 Job security 15
P.3.6 Hierarchical levels 20
P.3.7 Knowledge is power 2
P.4 Apply
P.4.1 Applying the appropriate knowledge 47
P.4.2 Applying the acquired knowledge 17
P.4.3 Context of the problem 28
P.4.4 Support to apply new ideas 37
P.4.5 Required skills and knowledge 22
Source: Own elaboration.
Data Analysis
Data Analysis, Hypothesis
Definition and Discussion
In order to carry out the statistical analysis of the data, different
software was used: SPSS version 15.0, Eviews version
5, Masters version 5 and Minitab version 15. Data analysis
proceeded in two complementary stages. An initial stage
assessed the overall fit of the model (Table 5) and its convergent
validity (Table 6).
The overall model fit was assessed in terms of the Root
Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). In practice
it has been found that a value near 0.05 or less indicates
a good fit to the model; a value of 0.08 or less indicates
an acceptable fit to the model (Steiger & Lind, 1980). As
shown in Table 5, indices of Culture, Human Resources,
Structure, Creation, Store and Apply exhibited a good fit
with the data collected, whereas indices of Leadership, Information
Technology, Measurement and Transfer showed
an acceptable fit to the model. This in turn showed that
the defined variables modeled the data well.
Convergent validity was assessed through reliability of
question items. Reliability of a scale is used to examine
internal consistency by calculating Cronbach’s alpha value
(Nunnally, 1979). Two Likert-type scales were analyzed,
the first scale evaluated the level of implementation of
KM enablers integrated by 41 items and the second evaluated
the degree of development of KM processes integrated
by 24 items. Table 6 shows the factor loadings of
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