PHP and MySQL Web Development 4th Ed-tqw-_darksiderg

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Opening a File 65 Remember that the domain names in your URL are not case sensitive, but the path and filename might be. Addressing Problems Opening Files An error you might make is trying to open a file you don’t have permission to read from or write to. (This error occurs commonly on Unix-like operating systems, but you may also see it occasionally under Windows.) When you do, PHP gives you a warning similar to the one shown in Figure 2.2. Figure 2.2 PHP specifically warns you when a file can’t be opened. If you receive this error, you need to make sure that the user under which the script runs has permission to access the file you are trying to use. Depending on how your server is set up, the script might be running as the web server user or as the owner of the directory where the script is located.
66 Chapter 2 Storing and Retrieving Data On most systems, the script runs as the web server user. If your script is on a Unix system in the ~/public_html/chapter2/ directory, for example, you could create a world-writeable directory in which to store the order by typing the following: mkdir ~/orders chmod 777 ~/orders Bear in mind that directories and files that anybody can write to are dangerous. In particular, directories that are accessible directly from the Web should not be writeable. For this reason, our orders directory is two subdirectories back, above the public_html directory.We discuss security more in Chapter 15,“E-commerce Security Issues.” Incorrect permission setting is probably the most common thing that can go wrong when opening a file, but it’s not the only thing. If you can’t open the file, you really need to know this so that you don’t try to read data from or write data to it. If the call to fopen() fails, the function will return false.You can deal with the error in a more user-friendly way by suppressing PHP’s error message and giving your own: @ $fp = fopen(“$DOCUMENT_ROOT/../orders/orders.txt”, ‘ab’); if (!$fp){ echo " Your order could not be processed at this time. " .Please try again later."; exit; } The @ symbol in front of the call to fopen() tells PHP to suppress any errors resulting from the function call. Usually, it’s a good idea to know when things go wrong, but in this case we’re going to deal with that problem elsewhere. You can also write this line as follows: $fp = @fopen(“$DOCUMENT_ROOT/../orders/orders.txt”, ‘a’); Using this method tends to make it less obvious that you are using the error suppression operator, so it may make your code harder to debug. The method described here is a simplistic way of dealing with errors.We look at a more elegant method for error handling in Chapter 7,“Error and Exception Handling.” But one thing at a time. The if statement tests the variable $fp to see whether a valid file pointer was returned from the fopen call; if not, it prints an error message and ends script execution. Because the page finishes here, notice that we have closed the HTML tags to give reasonably valid HTML. The output when using this approach is shown in Figure 2.3.
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PHP and MySQL ® Web Development Fo
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PHP and MySQL ® Web Development, F
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Contents at a Glance Introduction 1
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Table of Contents Introduction 1 I
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xii Contents Writing to a File 67 P
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xiv Contents Comparing Strings 119
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xvi Contents Overriding 170 Prevent
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xviii Contents Looking at the Datab
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xx Contents Using Indexes 305 Using
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xxii Contents Firewalls 357 Data Ba
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xxiv Contents 18 Implementing Secur
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xxvi Contents 22 Generating Images
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xxviii Contents Using a Standard Di
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xxx Contents Implementing Payment 6
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xxxii Contents Using an Existing Sy
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xxxiv Contents Learning More about
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Acknowledgments We would like to th
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Introduction WELCOME TO PHP AND MYS
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Introduction 3 PHP is an Open Sourc
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Introduction 5 Using the Open Datab
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Introduction 7 installing it for ma
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Introduction 9 What Is New in MySQL
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I Using PHP 1 PHP Crash Course 2 St
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Page 75 and 76: 38 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course Logic
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Page 96 and 97: 2 Storing and Retrieving Data NOW T
Page 98 and 99: Opening a File 61 The form field fo
Page 100 and 101: Opening a File 63 In a Unix environ
Page 104 and 105: Writing to a File 67 Figure 2.3 Usi
Page 106 and 107: Closing a File 69 Listing 2.1 order
Page 108 and 109: Reading from a File 71 Listing 2.2
Page 110 and 111: Reading from a File 73 Knowing When
Page 112 and 113: Reading from a File 75 This line re
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Page 116 and 117: A Better Way: Database Management S
Page 118 and 119: 3 Using Arrays THIS CHAPTER SHOWS Y
Page 120 and 121: Numerically Indexed Arrays 83 This
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Page 124 and 125: Array Operators 87 This line uses e
Page 126 and 127: Multidimensional Arrays 89 You can
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Page 130 and 131: Sorting Multidimensional Arrays 93
Page 132 and 133: Sorting Multidimensional Arrays 95
Page 134 and 135: Reordering Arrays 97 Listing 3.1 Co
Page 136 and 137: Loading Arrays from Files 99 Listin
Page 138 and 139: Loading Arrays from Files 101 part
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Page 144 and 145: 4 String Manipulation and Regular E
Page 146 and 147: Creating a Sample Application: Smar
Page 148 and 149: Formatting Strings 111 Figure 4.2 U
Page 150 and 151: Formatting Strings 113 Table 4.1 Ty
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Formatting Strings 115 Figure 4.3 A
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Joining and Splitting Strings with
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Comparing Strings 119 The length pa
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Matching and Replacing Substrings w
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Introducing Regular Expressions 123
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Finding Substrings with Regular Exp
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Next 131 Note In general, the regul
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134 Chapter 5 Reusing Code and Writ
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160 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP U
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162 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP I
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164 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP S
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166 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP H
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168 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP f
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170 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP c
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172 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP I
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174 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP }
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176 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP T
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178 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP L
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180 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP L
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182 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP o
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184 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP U
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186 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP F
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7 Error and Exception Handling IN T
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The Exception Class 195 In Listing
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User-Defined Exceptions 197 Listing
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Exceptions in Bob’s Auto Parts 19
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Exceptions in Bob’s Auto Parts 20
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Next 203 pression operator. If it f
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8 Designing Your Web Database NOW T
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Relational Database Concepts 209 Co
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Designing Your Web Database 211 Rel
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Designing Your Web Database 213 Ord
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Designing Your Web Database 215 Thi
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Web Database Architecture 217 Brows
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9 Creating Your Web Database IN THI
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Logging In to MySQL 221 we have use
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Introducing MySQL’s Privilege Sys
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Creating Database Tables 229 Go ahe
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Creating Database Tables 231 Listin
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Creating Database Tables 233 The bo
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Understanding MySQL Identifiers 235
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Choosing Column Data Types 237 For
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Choosing Column Data Types 239 Tabl
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Next 241 Table 9.10 TEXT and BLOB T
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244 Chapter 10 Working with Your My
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11 Accessing Your MySQL Database fr
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How Web Database Architectures Work
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Querying a Database from the Web 27
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Putting New Information in the Data
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Putting New Information in the Data
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Using Prepared Statements 281 Let
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Using Other PHP-Database Interfaces
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Next 285 The advantages of using MD
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288 Chapter 12 Advanced MySQL Admin
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13 Advanced MySQL Programming IN TH
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Transactions 313 applications such
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Foreign Keys 315 You should see the
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Stored Procedures 317 changes the e
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Stored Procedures 319 or drop funct
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Stored Procedures 321 action specif
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Next 323 +------+ | @l | +------+ |
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14 Running an E-commerce Site THIS
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Considering the Types of Commercial
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Understanding Risks and Threats 337
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Next 339 Evolving Governmental Poli
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342 Chapter 15 E-commerce Security
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16 Web Application Security IN THIS
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Identifying the Threats We Face 363
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Understanding Who We’re Dealing W
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Securing Your Code 367 the security
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Securing Your Code 369 However, the
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Securing Your Code 371 if (!checkda
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Securing Your Code 373 Consider the
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Securing Your Code 375 Although thi
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Securing Your Code 377 n n Have you
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Securing Your Web Server and PHP 37
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Securing Your Web Server and PHP 38
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Database Server Security 383 n Look
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Protecting the Network 385 Internet
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Computer and Operating System Secur
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Disaster Planning 389 hosted burned
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17 Implementing Authentication with
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Implementing Access Control 393 Fig
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Implementing Access Control 395 Lis
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Implementing Access Control 397 Lis
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Using Basic Authentication 399 Look
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Using Basic Authentication in PHP 4
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Using Basic Authentication with Apa
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Using Basic Authentication with Apa
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Using mod_auth_mysql Authentication
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18 Implementing Secure Transactions
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Providing Secure Transactions 411 N
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Using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 41
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Using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 41
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Providing Secure Storage 417 Screen
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Using Encryption in PHP 419 Storing
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Using Encryption in PHP 421 If you
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Using Encryption in PHP 423 and cre
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Using Encryption in PHP 425 Listing
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Further Reading 427 The script you
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IV Advanced PHP Techniques 19 Inter
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432 Chapter 19 Interacting with the
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452 Chapter 20 Using Network and Pr
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470 Chapter 21 Managing the Date an
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22 Generating Images ONE OF THE USE
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Understanding Image Formats 485 JPE
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Creating Images 487 Figure 22.1 The
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Creating Images 489 It takes as par
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Using Text and Fonts to Create Imag
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Drawing Figures and Graphing Data 4
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Further Reading 507 Listing 22.5.4
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23 Using Session Control in PHP IN
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Understanding Basic Session Functio
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Implementing Simple Sessions 513 Re
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Creating a Simple Session Example 5
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Implementing Authentication with Se
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24 Other Useful Features SOME USEFU
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Serializing Variables and Objects 5
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Temporarily Altering the Runtime En
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Using PHP on the Command Line 531 h
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V Building Practical PHP and MySQL
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536 Chapter 25 Using PHP and MySQL
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26 Debugging THIS CHAPTER DEALS WIT
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Programming Errors 553 run into thi
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Programming Errors 555 That same st
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Programming Errors 557 A SQL query
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Variable Debugging Aid 559 Logic er
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Variable Debugging Aid 561 This cod
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Altering the Error Reporting Settin
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Handling Errors Gracefully 565 You
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Next 567 Figure 26.1 You can give f
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570 Chapter 27 Building User Authen
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608 Chapter 28 Building a Shopping
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652 Chapter 29 Building a Web-Based
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688 Chapter 30 Building a Mailing L
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742 Chapter 31 Building Web Forums
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772 Chapter 32 Generating Personali
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33 Connecting to Web Services with
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Project Overview: Working with XML
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Project Overview: Working with XML
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Solution Components 813 If you woul
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Solution Overview 815 Caching As we
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Solution Overview 817 Although it d
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Solution Overview 819 Figure 33.5 B
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Solution Overview 821 Listing 33.3
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Solution Overview 823 Let’s work
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Solution Overview 825 if(!eregi('^[
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Solution Overview 839 data, but bec
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Solution Overview 845 Using SOAP to
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Solution Overview 847 } if($type ==
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Solution Overview 849 in memory. No
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Installing the Project Code 853 for
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34 Building Web 2.0 Applications wi
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What Is Ajax? 857 n Other common me
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What Is Ajax? 859 display the h1 te
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Fundamental Ajax 861 Note For secur
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Fundamental Ajax 863 function getSe
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Fundamental Ajax 865 The next step
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Fundamental Ajax 867 Listing 34.3 C
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Fundamental Ajax 869 Figure 34.2 Th
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Adding Ajax Elements to Earlier Pro
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For More Information 885 Some popul
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A Installing PHP and MySQL APACHE,
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Installing Apache, PHP, and MySQL U
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B Web Resources THIS APPENDIX LISTS
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Apache Resources 909 The PHP Resour
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Index SYMBOLS ! (logical operator),
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array_count_values() function 913 c
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ottom.php files (Tahuayo applicatio
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collapsing threads (Web forum appli
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CVS (Concurrent Versions System) 91
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date and time 921 user table, 289 W
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downloading 923 directories browsin
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escaping characters 925 reading, 45
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files 927 FILE privilege, 226-227,
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functions 929 foreign keys database
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functions 931 escapeshellcmd(), 378
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functions 933 prototypes, 144 puten
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images 935 hardware failure (commer
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keys 937 INSERT statement, 244 inse
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MaxClients parameter (Apache) 939 l
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mysqli_query() function 941 multidi
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operators 943 O Object data type (v
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PHP 945 paths absolute, 62 file, 44
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php.ini file 947 gethostbyaddr(), 4
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purchase.php script (Shopping Cart
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eturning 951 Perl, 123 slash (\), 1
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security 953 buttons, calling, 493
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Shopping Cart application 955 Warm
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statements 957 special characters l
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tab control sequence (\t) 959 print
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time and date 961 limitations, 79 l
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usort() function 963 UPDATE privile
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Web databases 965 views, File Detai
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word processor formats 967 JPEG (Jo
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What’s on the CD? The book’s co
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