PHP and MySQL Web Development 4th Ed-tqw-_darksiderg

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6 Object-Oriented PHP THIS CHAPTER EXPLAINS CONCEPTS OF OBJECT-ORIENTED (OO) development and shows how they can be implemented in PHP. PHP’s OO implementation has all the features you would expect in a fully objectoriented language.We point out each of these features as we go through this chapter. Key topics covered in this chapter include n Object-oriented concepts n Classes, attributes, and operations n Class attributes n Per-class constants n Class method invocation n Inheritance n Access modifiers n Static methods n Type hinting n Late static bindings n Object cloning n Abstract classes n Class design n Implementation of your design n Advanced OO functionality
160 Chapter 6 Object-Oriented PHP Understanding Object-Oriented Concepts Modern programming languages usually support or even require an object-oriented approach to software development. Object-oriented development attempts to use the classifications, relationships, and properties of the objects in the system to aid in program development and code reuse. Classes and Objects In the context of OO software, an object can be almost any item or concept—a physical object such as a desk or a customer; or a conceptual object that exists only in software, such as a text input area or a file. Generally, you will be most interested in objects, including both real-world objects and conceptual objects, that need to be represented in software. Object-oriented software is designed and built as a set of self-contained objects with both attributes and operations that interact to meet your needs. Attributes are properties or variables that relate to the object. Operations are methods, actions, or functions that the object can perform to modify itself or perform for some external effect. (You will hear the term attribute used interchangeably with the terms member variable and property, and the term operation used interchangeably with method.) Object-oriented software’s central advantage is its capability to support and encourage encapsulation—also known as data hiding. Essentially, access to the data within an object is available only via the object’s operations, known as the interface of the object. An object’s functionality is bound to the data it uses.You can easily alter the details controlling how the object is implemented to improve performance, add new features, or fix bugs without having to change the interface. Changing the interface could have ripple effects throughout the project, but encapsulation allows you to make changes and fix bugs without your actions cascading to other parts of the project. In other areas of software development, object orientation is the norm, and procedural or function-oriented software is considered old fashioned. However, most web scripts are still designed and written using an ad hoc approach following a functionoriented methodology. A number of reasons for using this approach exist. Many web projects are relatively small and straightforward.You can get away with picking up a saw and building a wooden spice rack without planning your approach, and you can successfully complete the majority of web software projects in the same way because of their small size. However, if you picked up a saw and attempted to build a house without formal planning, you wouldn’t get quality results, if you got results at all.The same is true for large software projects. Many web projects evolve from a set of hyperlinked pages to a complex application. Complex applications, whether presented via dialog boxes and windows or via dynamically generated HTML pages, need a properly thought-out development methodology.
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PHP and MySQL ® Web Development Fo
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PHP and MySQL ® Web Development, F
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Contents at a Glance Introduction 1
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Table of Contents Introduction 1 I
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xii Contents Writing to a File 67 P
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xiv Contents Comparing Strings 119
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xvi Contents Overriding 170 Prevent
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xviii Contents Looking at the Datab
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xx Contents Using Indexes 305 Using
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xxii Contents Firewalls 357 Data Ba
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xxiv Contents 18 Implementing Secur
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xxvi Contents 22 Generating Images
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xxviii Contents Using a Standard Di
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xxx Contents Implementing Payment 6
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xxxii Contents Using an Existing Sy
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xxxiv Contents Learning More about
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Acknowledgments We would like to th
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Introduction WELCOME TO PHP AND MYS
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Introduction 3 PHP is an Open Sourc
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Introduction 5 Using the Open Datab
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Introduction 7 installing it for ma
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Introduction 9 What Is New in MySQL
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I Using PHP 1 PHP Crash Course 2 St
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14 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course n n n
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16 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course Listi
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18 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course Bob
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20 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course Notic
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22 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course Figur
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24 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course n Lon
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28 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course Under
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30 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course This
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34 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course You s
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36 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course If th
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38 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course Logic
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40 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course Or, e
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44 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course We ge
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46 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course Refre
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48 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course If yo
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54 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course Listi
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56 Chapter 1 PHP Crash Course A do.
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2 Storing and Retrieving Data NOW T
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Opening a File 61 The form field fo
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Opening a File 63 In a Unix environ
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Opening a File 65 Remember that the
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Writing to a File 67 Figure 2.3 Usi
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Closing a File 69 Listing 2.1 order
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Reading from a File 71 Listing 2.2
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Reading from a File 73 Knowing When
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Reading from a File 75 This line re
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Using Other Useful File Functions 7
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A Better Way: Database Management S
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3 Using Arrays THIS CHAPTER SHOWS Y
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Numerically Indexed Arrays 83 This
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Arrays with Different Indices 85 Th
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Array Operators 87 This line uses e
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Multidimensional Arrays 89 You can
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Multidimensional Arrays 91 Truck Pa
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Sorting Multidimensional Arrays 93
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Sorting Multidimensional Arrays 95
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Reordering Arrays 97 Listing 3.1 Co
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Loading Arrays from Files 99 Listin
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Loading Arrays from Files 101 part
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Performing Other Array Manipulation
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Performing Other Array Manipulation
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4 String Manipulation and Regular E
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Page 148 and 149: Formatting Strings 111 Figure 4.2 U
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Page 154 and 155: Joining and Splitting Strings with
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Page 160 and 161: Introducing Regular Expressions 123
Page 166 and 167: Finding Substrings with Regular Exp
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Page 230 and 231: 7 Error and Exception Handling IN T
Page 232 and 233: The Exception Class 195 In Listing
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Page 240: Next 203 pression operator. If it f
Page 244 and 245: 8 Designing Your Web Database NOW T
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Relational Database Concepts 209 Co
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Designing Your Web Database 211 Rel
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Designing Your Web Database 213 Ord
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Designing Your Web Database 215 Thi
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Web Database Architecture 217 Brows
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9 Creating Your Web Database IN THI
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Logging In to MySQL 221 we have use
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Introducing MySQL’s Privilege Sys
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Creating Database Tables 229 Go ahe
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Creating Database Tables 231 Listin
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Creating Database Tables 233 The bo
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Understanding MySQL Identifiers 235
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Choosing Column Data Types 237 For
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Choosing Column Data Types 239 Tabl
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Next 241 Table 9.10 TEXT and BLOB T
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244 Chapter 10 Working with Your My
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11 Accessing Your MySQL Database fr
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How Web Database Architectures Work
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Querying a Database from the Web 27
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Putting New Information in the Data
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Putting New Information in the Data
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Using Prepared Statements 281 Let
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Using Other PHP-Database Interfaces
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Next 285 The advantages of using MD
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288 Chapter 12 Advanced MySQL Admin
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13 Advanced MySQL Programming IN TH
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Transactions 313 applications such
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Foreign Keys 315 You should see the
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Stored Procedures 317 changes the e
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Stored Procedures 319 or drop funct
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Stored Procedures 321 action specif
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Next 323 +------+ | @l | +------+ |
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14 Running an E-commerce Site THIS
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Considering the Types of Commercial
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Understanding Risks and Threats 337
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Next 339 Evolving Governmental Poli
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342 Chapter 15 E-commerce Security
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16 Web Application Security IN THIS
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Identifying the Threats We Face 363
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Understanding Who We’re Dealing W
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Securing Your Code 367 the security
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Securing Your Code 369 However, the
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Securing Your Code 371 if (!checkda
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Securing Your Code 373 Consider the
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Securing Your Code 375 Although thi
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Securing Your Code 377 n n Have you
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Securing Your Web Server and PHP 37
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Securing Your Web Server and PHP 38
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Database Server Security 383 n Look
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Protecting the Network 385 Internet
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Computer and Operating System Secur
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Disaster Planning 389 hosted burned
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17 Implementing Authentication with
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Implementing Access Control 393 Fig
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Implementing Access Control 395 Lis
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Implementing Access Control 397 Lis
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Using Basic Authentication 399 Look
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Using Basic Authentication in PHP 4
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Using Basic Authentication with Apa
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Using Basic Authentication with Apa
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Using mod_auth_mysql Authentication
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18 Implementing Secure Transactions
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Providing Secure Transactions 411 N
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Using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 41
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Using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 41
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Providing Secure Storage 417 Screen
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Using Encryption in PHP 419 Storing
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Using Encryption in PHP 421 If you
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Using Encryption in PHP 423 and cre
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Using Encryption in PHP 425 Listing
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Further Reading 427 The script you
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IV Advanced PHP Techniques 19 Inter
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432 Chapter 19 Interacting with the
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452 Chapter 20 Using Network and Pr
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470 Chapter 21 Managing the Date an
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22 Generating Images ONE OF THE USE
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Understanding Image Formats 485 JPE
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Creating Images 487 Figure 22.1 The
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Creating Images 489 It takes as par
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Using Text and Fonts to Create Imag
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Drawing Figures and Graphing Data 4
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Further Reading 507 Listing 22.5.4
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23 Using Session Control in PHP IN
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Understanding Basic Session Functio
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Implementing Simple Sessions 513 Re
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Creating a Simple Session Example 5
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Implementing Authentication with Se
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24 Other Useful Features SOME USEFU
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Serializing Variables and Objects 5
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Temporarily Altering the Runtime En
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Using PHP on the Command Line 531 h
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V Building Practical PHP and MySQL
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536 Chapter 25 Using PHP and MySQL
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26 Debugging THIS CHAPTER DEALS WIT
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Programming Errors 553 run into thi
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Programming Errors 555 That same st
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Programming Errors 557 A SQL query
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Variable Debugging Aid 559 Logic er
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Variable Debugging Aid 561 This cod
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Altering the Error Reporting Settin
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Handling Errors Gracefully 565 You
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Next 567 Figure 26.1 You can give f
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570 Chapter 27 Building User Authen
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608 Chapter 28 Building a Shopping
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652 Chapter 29 Building a Web-Based
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688 Chapter 30 Building a Mailing L
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742 Chapter 31 Building Web Forums
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772 Chapter 32 Generating Personali
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33 Connecting to Web Services with
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Project Overview: Working with XML
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Project Overview: Working with XML
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Solution Components 813 If you woul
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Solution Overview 815 Caching As we
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Solution Overview 817 Although it d
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Solution Overview 819 Figure 33.5 B
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Solution Overview 821 Listing 33.3
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Solution Overview 823 Let’s work
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Solution Overview 825 if(!eregi('^[
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Solution Overview 839 data, but bec
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Solution Overview 845 Using SOAP to
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Solution Overview 847 } if($type ==
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Solution Overview 849 in memory. No
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Installing the Project Code 853 for
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34 Building Web 2.0 Applications wi
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What Is Ajax? 857 n Other common me
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What Is Ajax? 859 display the h1 te
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Fundamental Ajax 861 Note For secur
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Fundamental Ajax 863 function getSe
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Fundamental Ajax 865 The next step
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Fundamental Ajax 867 Listing 34.3 C
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Fundamental Ajax 869 Figure 34.2 Th
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Adding Ajax Elements to Earlier Pro
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For More Information 885 Some popul
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A Installing PHP and MySQL APACHE,
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Installing Apache, PHP, and MySQL U
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B Web Resources THIS APPENDIX LISTS
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Apache Resources 909 The PHP Resour
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Index SYMBOLS ! (logical operator),
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array_count_values() function 913 c
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ottom.php files (Tahuayo applicatio
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collapsing threads (Web forum appli
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CVS (Concurrent Versions System) 91
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date and time 921 user table, 289 W
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downloading 923 directories browsin
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escaping characters 925 reading, 45
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files 927 FILE privilege, 226-227,
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functions 929 foreign keys database
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functions 931 escapeshellcmd(), 378
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functions 933 prototypes, 144 puten
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images 935 hardware failure (commer
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keys 937 INSERT statement, 244 inse
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MaxClients parameter (Apache) 939 l
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mysqli_query() function 941 multidi
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operators 943 O Object data type (v
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PHP 945 paths absolute, 62 file, 44
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php.ini file 947 gethostbyaddr(), 4
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purchase.php script (Shopping Cart
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eturning 951 Perl, 123 slash (\), 1
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security 953 buttons, calling, 493
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Shopping Cart application 955 Warm
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statements 957 special characters l
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tab control sequence (\t) 959 print
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time and date 961 limitations, 79 l
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usort() function 963 UPDATE privile
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Web databases 965 views, File Detai
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word processor formats 967 JPEG (Jo
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What’s on the CD? The book’s co
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