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The politics of fashion and beauty in Africa

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60 | Fem<strong>in</strong>ist <strong>Africa</strong> 21<br />

<strong>of</strong> women’s free sexual expression <strong>and</strong> experience can translate <strong>in</strong>to women’s<br />

<strong>in</strong>creased confidence <strong>and</strong> a greater dem<strong>and</strong> for women’s rights <strong>in</strong> Ug<strong>and</strong>a, as<br />

suggested by Aken’ova (2005).<br />

Endnotes<br />

1 Retrieved from http://www.afropop.org on 22 December 2015.<br />

2 See for example: http: //www.google.com/search?q=images+<strong>of</strong>+Sheeba+Karungi,<br />

www.ug<strong>and</strong>aonl<strong>in</strong>e.net/gallery/sheebakarungi?category=240, www.howwe.biz/<br />

himages/1411559907.html<br />

3 Nnaalongo is a mother <strong>of</strong> tw<strong>in</strong>s. Tw<strong>in</strong>s are exalted <strong>in</strong> the cultures <strong>of</strong> Southern<br />

Ug<strong>and</strong>a, <strong>and</strong> a woman who bears tw<strong>in</strong>s <strong>and</strong> earns the title is perceived as special,<br />

almost super-human, <strong>and</strong> her social status <strong>in</strong> these cultures is elevated. At the<br />

same time, stricter measures are applied to her social conduct. She is expected to<br />

be the epitome <strong>of</strong> the traditionally prescribed fem<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>ity <strong>of</strong> Bug<strong>and</strong>a.<br />

4 See for example www.ug<strong>and</strong>aonl<strong>in</strong>e.net/gallery/sheebakarungi?category=240,<br />

www.howwe.biz/himages/1411559907.html.<br />

5 On the basis <strong>of</strong> these women’s low <strong>in</strong>come class, it could be assumed ord<strong>in</strong>arily<br />

that they are subjugated <strong>and</strong> lack voice.<br />

6 Retrieved from www.chano8.com/sheeba-karungi-reacts-anti-pornography-law/<br />

on 11 June 2016.<br />

References<br />

Afropop Worldwide. Retrieved from http://www.afropop.org (Accessed on 22<br />

December 2015).<br />

Aken’ova, Dorothy. 2013. “Better Sex <strong>and</strong> More Equal Relationships: Couple Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>in</strong> Nigeria”, <strong>in</strong> Jolly, S., Cornwall, A. <strong>and</strong> Hawk<strong>in</strong>s, K. eds. Women, Sexuality <strong>and</strong><br />

the Political Power <strong>of</strong> Pleasure. London: Zed Books.<br />

Allman, Jean. 2004. “Introduction”, <strong>in</strong> Fashion<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Africa</strong>: Power <strong>and</strong> the Politics <strong>of</strong><br />

Dress. Bloom<strong>in</strong>gton: Indiania University Press.<br />

---. 2004. “‘Let your Fashion Be <strong>in</strong> L<strong>in</strong>e with Our Ghanian Costume’: Nation, Gender<br />

<strong>and</strong> the Politics <strong>of</strong> Cloth-<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Nkrumah’s Ghana”, <strong>in</strong> Allman, J. ed. Fashion<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>Africa</strong>: Power <strong>and</strong> the Politics <strong>of</strong> Dress. Bloom<strong>in</strong>gton: Indiania University Press.<br />

Arnfred, Signe. 2004. “<strong>Africa</strong>n Sexuality/Sexuality <strong>in</strong> <strong>Africa</strong>: Tales <strong>and</strong> Silences”, <strong>in</strong><br />

Signe, A. ed. Reth<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g Sexualities <strong>in</strong> <strong>Africa</strong>. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrika<strong>in</strong>stitutet.<br />

Article 19 <strong>Africa</strong>n Programme. 2003. Women’s Voices <strong>and</strong> <strong>Africa</strong>n <strong>The</strong>atre: Case<br />

Studies from Kenya, Mali, the Democratic Republic <strong>of</strong> Congo <strong>and</strong> Zimbabwe.<br />

Braamfonte<strong>in</strong> 2017, 23 Jorissen Street, South <strong>Africa</strong>. (Accessed at www.article19.<br />

org on 14 August 2003).<br />

Banham, Mart<strong>in</strong>, Gibbs, James, Os<strong>of</strong>isan, Femi <strong>and</strong> Plastow, Jane, eds. 2002. <strong>Africa</strong>n<br />

<strong>The</strong>atre: Women. Oxford: James Currey.

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