Arab Human Development Report 2016

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Contents • Mutual recognition 7.6 Easing tensions Chapter 8 Empowering youth secures the future: Towards a development model fit for youth in the Arab region 8.1 Youth in the Arab region: Challenges to human development in a changing reality • Youth exclusion is pervasive in the Arab region • Violent conflicts: Human development under fire 8.2 Towards a development model fit for youth in the Arab region • Achieving peace and security • Expanding capabilities: Health care and good-quality education • Expanding opportunities: Jobs and voice Bibliography Annex 1 Statistical annex 2 Annex 1: Human development indicators in the Arab countries 3 Annex 2: Additional figures and tables List of boxes 1.1 Who counts as youth? 1.2 Youth and vulnerability: The human development perspective 1.3 Omar Razzaz: The rentier State 1.4 The struggle for women’s inclusion 1.5 Youth: The need to belong 1.6 Ban Ki-Moon: Youth and peace building 3.1 Steffen Hertog: Characteristics of the GCC labour market 3.2 Active labour market policies: Promising rather than producing long-term jobs 3.3 Jamil Wyne: Technology entrepreneurs in Arab countries 4.1 Aseel Alawadhi: Cancellation of the discriminatory admission policy at Kuwait University 4.2 Hibaaq Osman: Girls in conflict 4.3 Islamic feminism across borders: the Musawah Movement 4.4 An inclusive space: Egypt’s Imprint Movement 5.1 Hadeel Abou Soufeh: Disability, access to services and basic rights 5.2 Domains and delivery of adolescent and youth friendly health services 6.1 Yemen: One of the worlds’ worst humanitarian crises 6.2 Libya slides into chaos 6.3 The impact of war and violent conflict on young women 6.4 Ghassan Abu-Sittah: Gaza’s plight under Israel’s aggression 7.1 Growing presence of Saudi youth studying in Western universities 7.2 When hope ends in death 7.3 Florence Jusot: The impact of deskilling on health among young Moroccan migrants in three European countries 18
Contents 8.1 The United Nations Security Council Resolution on youth, peace and security 8.2 Fahem mish hafez 8.3 Youth and innovation: KarmSolar 8.4 Working together: once a dream, today a necessity 8.5 The constitution of Tunisia, 2014 List of figures 1.1 The changing share of youth, ages 15–29 years (as a % of total population) 1.2 Average annual HDI growth 1.3 Average employment shares in the public sector in selected Arab countries and selected comparator countries in the 2000s 1.4 Ratios of home price to income, 2011 1.5 Perceptions of Arab youth (15–29 years), economy and security (% say get worse), selected Arab countries, 2012 1.6 Positive / negative view of Da’esh 1.7 Terrorist attacks and their victims in the Arab region versus the rest of the world, 2000–2014 2.1 Life satisfaction by age group and level of education (6th wave, 2010–2014) 2.2 Self-expression, by age group and level of education 2.3 Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (%) 2.4 Individuals using the internet (%) 2.5 Electronic connectivity index by age group and level of education, 2013 2.6 Gender equality index by age group and level of education 2.7 Gender equality before and after 2011 2.8 Obedience to authority, by age group and over time, and piety, by age group 2.9 Civic engagement, by age group and level of education 2.10 Share of population that has demonstrated and voted, by age group 2.11 Support for democracy by level of education and cohorts over time 2.12 Support for political Islam 2.13 Index of secular nationalism (mean for total population) 2.14 Social and religious tolerance by age group (6th wave, 2010–2014) 3.1 Average years of schooling: most Arab countries are below the mean expected for per capita GDP B3.1.1 Distribution of employment by sector and nationality in the GCC 3.2 Youth unemployment rate (% of total labour force ages 15–24, modelled ILO estimate), 1991– 2013 3.3 Growth in access to microfinance 4.1 Female and male educational attainment in the Arab region, 1970–2013 4.2 Gender inequality and economic opportunities 5.1 Trend in mortality rates per 1,000 population, 15–19 age-group, Arab countries 5.2 Mortality by age category, 15–29 age-group, Arab countries 5.3 Share of girls married by the age of 15 and 18, Arab countries 5.4 Adolescent fertility rate per 1,000 girls aged 15–19, 2010–2015 5.5 Healthy life expectancy, 15–29-year-olds, by income group, 2010 (unweighted average) 5.6 Mortality rate per 100,000 population, 15–29-year-olds, by income group, 2010 (unweighted average) 5.7 Health-adjusted life expectancy, men aged 20–24, by income group, 1990 and 2010 (unweighted average) 19
Page 1 and 2: 1
Page 3 and 4: Arab Human Development Report 2016
Page 5 and 6: Foreword by the Administrator, UNDP
Page 7 and 8: Foreword by the Regional Director,
Page 9 and 10: Finally, the third level relates to
Page 11 and 12: Report Team Youth Consultative Grou
Page 13 and 14: Acronyms and abbreviations IMR IoM
Page 15 and 16: Contents Chapter 1 Youth and human
Page 17: Contents • Non-communicable disea
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 Youth and human developme
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.1 The changing share of yo
Page 25 and 26: The defining vision of the AHDR ser
Page 27 and 28: made more acute by the institutiona
Page 29 and 30: 1.4.1 The failure of the Arab devel
Page 31 and 32: projects, unproductive public secto
Page 33 and 34: and kept women subordinated at home
Page 35 and 36: The uprisings of 2011 prompted the
Page 37 and 38: Box 1.5 Youth: The need to belong L
Page 39 and 40: Israel by their countries. Only 21
Page 41 and 42: Table 1.4 Military spending, select
Page 43 and 44: Endnotes 1 UNDP 2013c. 2 UNDP 2014a
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 2 Values, identities and ci
Page 47 and 48: gender equality and waning obedienc
Page 49 and 50: In most Arab countries, youth exper
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.2 Self-Expression by age g
Page 53 and 54: Figure 2.3 Mobile cellular subscrip
Page 55 and 56: are scarce, whether a university ed
Page 57 and 58: Figure 2.7 Gender equality before a
Page 59 and 60: Arab region are more pious than oth
Page 61 and 62: Table 2.3 The relationship between
Page 63 and 64: Table 2.4 Indicators of formal barr
Page 65 and 66: Figure 2.11 Support for democracy b
Page 67 and 68: Even in 2013, opposition to the sep
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Figure 2.14 Social and religious to
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Endnotes 1 Inglehart and Welzel 201
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Chapter 3 Education and the transit
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Figure 3.1 Average years of schooli
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3.2 Inequality of opportunity in ed
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Box 3.1 Steffen Hertog Characterist
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Figure 3.2 Youth unemployment rate
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3.5 Policies that could help labour
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egulatory costs in starting and run
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48 IMF 2014b. 49 World Bank 2013a.
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4.1 The challenges facing young wom
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Box 4.1 Aseel Alawadhi: Cancellatio
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Box 4.2 Hibaaq Osman: Girls in conf
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Table 4.1 Population and reproducti
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Box 4.3 Islamic feminism across bor
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Box 4.4 An inclusive space: Egypt
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4.4 Removing the cultural and econo
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Endnotes 1 IRIN 2009. 2 Algeria, Ba
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Chapter 5 Health Status and Access
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on younger adolescents in the 13-15
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of fatalities (annex 2 figure A.9).
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While FGM is supported by religious
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from exposure to tobacco smoke, reg
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Figure 5.5 Healthy life expectancy,
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5.4 Health interventions to promote
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• Money: the services available t
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Endnotes 1 WHO defines health promo
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71 See http://www.search-institute.
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6.1 Youth in war-torn countries: gr
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continue long after peace treaties
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Box 6.3 The impact of war and viole
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Youth-specific health outcome indic
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injury, or a threat of injury, or a
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including war, on well-being is med
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the larger regional community of kn
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eproduce and deepen the negative ef
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Endnotes 1 Farmer 2004, p. 307. “
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90 Mehchy 2014, p. 17. 91 Al-Monito
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Chapter 7 Exclusion, mobility and m
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Figure 7.1 Arab migration by region
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than a quarter (26 percent). By com
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Figure 7.4 Share of young migrants
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of their exclusion at home. 34 The
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Box 7.3 Florence Jusot: The impact
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7.4 Some benefits of mobility Young
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Remittances are mainly spent on con
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of practice. Finally, engineering a
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28 The logic was that economic libe
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8.1 Youth in the Arab region: Chall
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Figure 8.1 Perceptions of youth on
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Figure 8.3 Number of terrorist atta
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Figure 8.5 The Arab region: Home to
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Figure 8.7a My World: The prioritie
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of the Arab Centre for Research and
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Disengagement & reintegration 17. E
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Box 8.2 Fahem mish hafez* Tahrir Ac
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likely to grow and generate jobs. T
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Investment in youth participation r
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Bibliography and references List of
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Bibliography and references Psychot
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Bibliography and references Prevent
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Bibliography and references . 2004.
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Bibliography and references Euromon
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Bibliography and references the You
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Bibliography and references . 2014.
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Bibliography and references Lewis,
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Bibliography and references . 2013b
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Bibliography and references Pritche
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Bibliography and references http://
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Bibliography and references . 2013c
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Bibliography and references . 2011c
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Bibliography and references in Arab
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Statistical Appendix
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with their life as a whole, and a s
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Indicators Data Source Age-group Ar
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Annex 1 Human development indicator
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Acronyms and abbreviations HDI GNI
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Human Development Report 2014 - Sus
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Annex 2 Additional figures and tabl
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Figure A.3 Global share of forcibly
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Figure A.7 School-to-work transitio
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Figure A.10 Prevalence of overweigh
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Figure A.13 Life expectancy at birt
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Figure A.15 Altruism towards strang
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Table A.1 Bilateral remittance esti
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Table A.5 Reasons for stopping educ
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Table A.9 Political representation
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Table A.12 Women with unmet contrac
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Table A.16 Migration to and from Ar
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Table A.18 Inward migration to Arab
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272 Notes
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274
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Arab Human Development Report 2016

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