Arab Human Development Report 2016

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Figure 2.6 Gender equality index by age group and level of education 1.0 By age group 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 15–29 30–44 45–60 60+ Qatar MIC excluding AMIC Libya Jordan Arab Countries Lebanon Algeria Palestine Iraq Yemen Egypt Tunisia Morocco By level of education 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 Elementary Secondary University Qatar MIC excluding AMIC Libya Jordan Arab Countries Lebanon Algeria Palestine Iraq Yemen Egypt Tunisia Morocco Source: Report team calculations based on WVS 2014. Note: A higher score indicates a more pro-gender stance. MIC excluding AMIC: Middle-income countries, excluding Arab middle-income countries.
Figure 2.7 Gender equality before and after 2011 70 60 Before Arab uprisings 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 After Arab uprisings Youth Total 80 70 Before Arab uprisings 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 After Arab uprisings Female Male Source: Report team calculations based on Gallup 2013. Note: The above figures allow for a comparison of the gender equality index before and after the uprisings. Higher values on the axes indicate increased support for gender equality. See the statistical annex for the definition of the gender equality index using Gallup. Countries seem to fall into three groups. Countries close to the global average (Morocco and Tunisia) show stronger generational and educational effects; countries far below or far above the global middle-income-country average tend to be less dynamic and exhibit smaller educational and generational effects (Algeria, Iraq, Lebanon and Palestine on top and Egypt, Jordan, Qatar and Yemen at the bottom). There are, nonetheless, important changes over time in all countries of the (small) WVS sample with data over several waves, even in Egypt and Jordan. The dropoff in obedience to authority is more marked after the Arab uprisings, a dramatic example of their liberating impact on Arab societies (figure 2.8). Piety Piety is an expression of religiosity, which is a broader concept. It involves more visits to a place of worship and listening to sermons, which serves to amplify the messages of these religious institutions. By a large margin (21 percent), the countries of the
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Arab Human Development Report 2016
Page 5 and 6: Foreword by the Administrator, UNDP
Page 7 and 8: Foreword by the Regional Director,
Page 9 and 10: Finally, the third level relates to
Page 11 and 12: Report Team Youth Consultative Grou
Page 13 and 14: Acronyms and abbreviations IMR IoM
Page 15 and 16: Contents Chapter 1 Youth and human
Page 17 and 18: Contents • Non-communicable disea
Page 19 and 20: Contents 8.1 The United Nations Sec
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 Youth and human developme
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1.1 The changing share of yo
Page 25 and 26: The defining vision of the AHDR ser
Page 27 and 28: made more acute by the institutiona
Page 29 and 30: 1.4.1 The failure of the Arab devel
Page 31 and 32: projects, unproductive public secto
Page 33 and 34: and kept women subordinated at home
Page 35 and 36: The uprisings of 2011 prompted the
Page 37 and 38: Box 1.5 Youth: The need to belong L
Page 39 and 40: Israel by their countries. Only 21
Page 41 and 42: Table 1.4 Military spending, select
Page 43 and 44: Endnotes 1 UNDP 2013c. 2 UNDP 2014a
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 2 Values, identities and ci
Page 47 and 48: gender equality and waning obedienc
Page 49 and 50: In most Arab countries, youth exper
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.2 Self-Expression by age g
Page 53 and 54: Figure 2.3 Mobile cellular subscrip
Page 55: are scarce, whether a university ed
Page 59 and 60: Arab region are more pious than oth
Page 61 and 62: Table 2.3 The relationship between
Page 63 and 64: Table 2.4 Indicators of formal barr
Page 65 and 66: Figure 2.11 Support for democracy b
Page 67 and 68: Even in 2013, opposition to the sep
Page 69 and 70: Figure 2.14 Social and religious to
Page 71 and 72: Endnotes 1 Inglehart and Welzel 201
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 3 Education and the transit
Page 75 and 76: Figure 3.1 Average years of schooli
Page 77 and 78: 3.2 Inequality of opportunity in ed
Page 79 and 80: Box 3.1 Steffen Hertog Characterist
Page 81 and 82: Figure 3.2 Youth unemployment rate
Page 83 and 84: 3.5 Policies that could help labour
Page 85 and 86: egulatory costs in starting and run
Page 87: 48 IMF 2014b. 49 World Bank 2013a.
Page 90 and 91: 4.1 The challenges facing young wom
Page 92 and 93: Box 4.1 Aseel Alawadhi: Cancellatio
Page 94 and 95: Box 4.2 Hibaaq Osman: Girls in conf
Page 96 and 97: Table 4.1 Population and reproducti
Page 98 and 99: Box 4.3 Islamic feminism across bor
Page 100 and 101: Box 4.4 An inclusive space: Egypt
Page 102 and 103: 4.4 Removing the cultural and econo
Page 104 and 105: Endnotes 1 IRIN 2009. 2 Algeria, Ba
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Chapter 5 Health Status and Access
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on younger adolescents in the 13-15
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of fatalities (annex 2 figure A.9).
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While FGM is supported by religious
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from exposure to tobacco smoke, reg
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Figure 5.5 Healthy life expectancy,
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5.4 Health interventions to promote
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• Money: the services available t
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Endnotes 1 WHO defines health promo
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71 See http://www.search-institute.
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6.1 Youth in war-torn countries: gr
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continue long after peace treaties
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Box 6.3 The impact of war and viole
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Youth-specific health outcome indic
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injury, or a threat of injury, or a
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including war, on well-being is med
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the larger regional community of kn
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eproduce and deepen the negative ef
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Endnotes 1 Farmer 2004, p. 307. “
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90 Mehchy 2014, p. 17. 91 Al-Monito
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Chapter 7 Exclusion, mobility and m
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Figure 7.1 Arab migration by region
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than a quarter (26 percent). By com
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Figure 7.4 Share of young migrants
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of their exclusion at home. 34 The
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Box 7.3 Florence Jusot: The impact
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7.4 Some benefits of mobility Young
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Remittances are mainly spent on con
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of practice. Finally, engineering a
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28 The logic was that economic libe
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8.1 Youth in the Arab region: Chall
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Figure 8.1 Perceptions of youth on
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Figure 8.3 Number of terrorist atta
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Figure 8.5 The Arab region: Home to
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Figure 8.7a My World: The prioritie
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of the Arab Centre for Research and
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Disengagement & reintegration 17. E
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Box 8.2 Fahem mish hafez* Tahrir Ac
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likely to grow and generate jobs. T
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Investment in youth participation r
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Bibliography and references List of
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Bibliography and references Psychot
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Bibliography and references Prevent
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Bibliography and references . 2004.
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Bibliography and references Euromon
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Bibliography and references the You
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Bibliography and references . 2014.
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Bibliography and references Lewis,
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Bibliography and references . 2013b
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Bibliography and references Pritche
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Bibliography and references http://
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Bibliography and references . 2013c
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Bibliography and references . 2011c
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Bibliography and references in Arab
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Statistical Appendix
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with their life as a whole, and a s
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Indicators Data Source Age-group Ar
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Annex 1 Human development indicator
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Acronyms and abbreviations HDI GNI
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Human Development Report 2014 - Sus
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Annex 2 Additional figures and tabl
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Figure A.3 Global share of forcibly
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Figure A.7 School-to-work transitio
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Figure A.10 Prevalence of overweigh
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Figure A.13 Life expectancy at birt
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Figure A.15 Altruism towards strang
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Table A.1 Bilateral remittance esti
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Table A.5 Reasons for stopping educ
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Table A.9 Political representation
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Table A.12 Women with unmet contrac
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Table A.16 Migration to and from Ar
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Table A.18 Inward migration to Arab
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272 Notes
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274
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Arab Human Development Report 2016

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