Modern Blanket Toss: Findings and Observations

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2015 FINDINGS PRE/POST STUDENT SURVEY Survey Development The Pre/Post Student Survey was designed to measure levels and changes in the student’s 1) content knowledge and science practices (objective 1.a); 2) leadership and communication skills (objective 1.b); 3) attitude towards science (objective 1.c); Reliability The items in the survey combine to make 6 constructs or scales. To measure the reliability of our scales, we calculated Crohbach’s alpha coefficient for each scale using SPSS. Cronbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency among items included in a scale 1 . A Cronbach’s alpha that is greater than 0.7 is considered evidence that the items included measure an underlying construct 2 . For all of our scales there was a high rate of internal consistency among the survey items. However, our small sample size (n=32) may bias the results 3 . Results of the reliability analysis are summarized below in Table 11. 4) STEM career interest (objective 1.d); and 5) engagement and excitement in project topics (objective 3.b). The survey included 5 open-ended questions and 58 Likert-scale items. The presurvey was administered to students on paper in their first week of the Upward Bound Academy. The post survey was administered on the last day of classes at the Academy. A copy of the survey is in Appendix A. Sample Seventeen students completed the pre-survey and fifteen of those students also completed the post-survey in 2015. Respondents identified themselves with a name or an ID number on the surveys so that pre and post data can be matched by individuals. All responses are valid for use in the reliability tests on the scales, only matched pairs are included when comparing pre and post values. 21
2015 FINDINGS Table 11 Reliability Analysis for Pre/Post Student Survey Scale n Items Item Mean Min Max Range Variance Cronbach’s Alpha Content Knowledge 32 14 4.993 3.313 6.313 3.000 0.792 0.964 Science Practices 26 11 2.783 2.346 3.115 0.769 0.058 0.864 Leadership Skills 27 7 3.201 3.148 3.296 0.148 0.003 0.905 Communication Skills 28 12 2.58 1.929 3.714 1.786 0.250 0.956 Attitudes Towards Science 29 4 3.017 2.793 3.310 0.517 0.056 0.778 Attitudes Towards STEM Careers 30 6 3.239 3.067 3.367 0.300 0.010 0.913 Analysis and Results For each construct, we calculated a scale score for each respondent. The scale score is the average of the response to items included in the scale. For “Content Knowledge”, respondents rated their own knowledge from 1 (low level of knowledge) to 10 (high level of knowledge) so the scale score also has a range of 1 to 10. For the “Communication Skills” items, respondents chose “not comfortable at all” (equal to 1), “somewhat comfortable” (equal to 2), “moderately comfortable” (equal to 3), or “very comfortable” (equal to 4). The scale score is an average between 1 and 4. All other items asked respondents to “strongly disagree” (equal to 1), “disagree” (equal to 2), “agree” (equal to 3), or “strongly agree” (equal to 4), so those scales also range from 1 to 4 with 4 as a more positive score. We used a paired samples t-test to test whether the mean scale scores were significantly different (P < 0.05) between pre and post survey. 22
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Modern Blanket Toss: Findings and Observations

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