The Expansion of tolerance

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Stuart B. Schwartz, in his contribution, emphasizes that religious toleration in Dutch Brazil was not exclusively the domain of the Dutch. By using Iberian Inquisitorial documents, he stresses the widespread approval of tolerance at grassroots level, with Spanish and Portuguese planters, soldiers, and even some of the clergy accepting an individual’s preference to follow his own path to salvation. This liberal attitude towards the individual experience of religion was transferred to Portuguese Brazil, resulting in interconfessional friendships and even marriages in the period when the Dutch controlled the colony. The importance of sugar for the prosperity of Pernambuco required constant interaction between the Dutch, the Portuguese, and the native population, and this co-operation rather than their various backgrounds determined their identities. Even Johan Maurits, himself a zealous Calvinist, had close connections with several Catholic priests. Both articles presented here were first delivered as papers at the ‘Dutch Brazil’ symposium held in June 2004 at the Universiteit van Amsterdam, in commemoration of both the fourth centenary of Johan Maurits’s birth, and the 350th anniversary of the end of Dutch rule in Brazil. Both authors extensively revised their papers for publication. The conference was organised by the Centre for Latin American Research and Documentation (CEDLA) and the Amsterdam Centre for the Study of the Golden Age, and their efforts were once again combined to prepare this publication. 11
Joan Blaeu, Map of Brazil in his Atlas Maior (Amsterdam 1662). 12
Page 1 and 2: JONATHAN ISRAEL STUART B. SCHWARTZ
Page 4 and 5: The Expansion of Tolerance Religion
Page 6 and 7: Table of Contents 6 Introduction Mi
Page 8 and 9: century progressed, came to be rega
Page 10 and 11: gaining true momentum. More than 20
Page 14 and 15: Jonathan Israel Religious Toleratio
Page 16 and 17: Theodore Matham, Engraved portrait
Page 18 and 19: The governing body of the WIC, the
Page 20 and 21: Frans Post, View of Olinda (1662).
Page 22 and 23: Catholics in the Dutch zone with th
Page 24 and 25: Joan Blaeu, Wall map of Dutch Brazi
Page 26 and 27: National Archives, The Hague, Arch.
Page 28 and 29: debts - which tended to have the un
Page 30 and 31: This same tendency to claw back wha
Page 32 and 33: deep into the eighteenth century -
Page 35 and 36: Frans Post, Battle at Porto Calvo (
Page 37 and 38: some extent a period of political a
Page 39 and 40: Ages when Christians, Jews, and Mus
Page 41 and 42: This sentiment was voiced repeatedl
Page 43 and 44: These ideas circulated widely. They
Page 45 and 46: attend these public ceremonies beca
Page 47 and 48: Portuguese Responses to Religious T
Page 49 and 50: Theodore de Bry, America V (1595) i
Page 51 and 52: the extension of religious liberty
Page 53 and 54: Portuguese’, a paraphrase of the
Page 55 and 56: Frans Post, Engraving of Dutch ship
Page 57 and 58: Native American allies of the Dutch
Page 59 and 60: 16 Francisco Bethencourt, História
Page 61: Amsterdam Studies in the Dutch Gold

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