Database on medicinal plants used in ayurveda - AYUSH Research ...

(C.S.Ci.6.40), Grahani (C.S.Ci.15.109), Pleeha, Visuchika (C.S.Ci.26.21),
Gulma (C.S.Ci.5.89), Arsha (A.H.Ci.14.31), Apatantraka (S.S.Ci.5.21),
Udarshoola (A.H.Ci.14.39), Udavarta (S.S.U.55.45), Apasmara, Unmada
(S.S.U.61.35), Rajoradha, Kashtartava (Sharma, 1978; B.N., 1982).
Doses : 1-3 gm (Sharma, 1978; B.N., 1982).
PHARMACOGNOSY
Macroscopic
Root: Grey coloured, 10-15 cm long and upto 20cm diam; outer surface
more or less longitudinally striated or wrinkled; odour aromatic,
characteristic; taste bitter and camphorous.
Microscopic
Transverse section of the root shows prominent vertical rhytidomes, a 4-5
layered thin zone of phelloderm cells filled with dark brown amorphous
content a crushed zone of cortex merging into a broad parenchyma zone
which includes phloem and several secretory canals. The central core is
compact consisting of xylem vessels, few fibres in small patches adnate to
some vessel groups as well as in central parts of the xylem and sclerenchyma,
the xylem parenchyma being absent. 4-6 primary xlem bundles are present at
the center. Vessels are mostly in the center, having, horizontal and slit -like
pits and few with rounded bordered pits. Inulin granules and oil globules in
parenchyma and yellow resinous mass in the secretory canals. The cortex of
old roots shows radial cracks (Anonymous, 1987; Kurup et al., 1979).
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
Plant: Innual, isoalloalantolactone, pyrazoline, isotelekin (Kaur and Kalsi,
1985), tetrahydroalantolactone (Cocker and Nisbet, 1963), oxygenated
alantolides (Kalsi et al., 1988), beta-sitosterol, daucosterol and
isoalantolactone (Tan et al., 1998).
Essential oil: Sesquiterpenes, aplotexene (heptadeca-1, 8, 11, 14-tetraene),
phenylacetonitrile, dihydroaplotaxene (Bokadia et al., 1986), p-cymene, 2furfural,
norbornyl acetate, benzaldehyde sesquiterpene hydrocarbon,
elemene, �-pinene oxide, �-humulene, �-farnesene, ar-curcumene, �ionone,
2-phenylethanol, �-ionone, sesquiterpene alcohol, sesquiterpene
aldehyde (Jennings and Shibamoto, 1980).
Root and Root oil: Oxygenated alantolides (Kalsi et al., 1988), liqnans,
sesquiterpene lactones, isoalantolactone, alantolactone,
tetrahydroalantolactone, selinanone, g-ketoeudesman, 8�hydroxyeudesman
(Singh et al., 1959; Mehra et al., 1967; Purushothaman et
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