Database on medicinal plants used in ayurveda - AYUSH Research ...

developed two convenient and efficient microculture techniques, namely;
liquid, droplet and shallow-layered culture for production of somatic
embryos. Tsugawa and Suzaki (2000) reported preservation protocol for the
regeneration activity of embryonic callus.
Protoplast Culture
Yamada, et al., (1986) reported regeneration of plants using protoplastderived
callus on LS medium. Protoplasts of 25 other varieties of rice were
also prepared from suspension cultures. Seeds were inoculated on LS
medium in combination of 2,4-D to derive a callus. Isolated protoplasts were
cultured on LS regeneration agar medium containing 4x10 -6 M BA. T3 cell
line was selected for regeneration of plants. Protoplasts colonies were also
cultured on N6 liquid medium for 17 days and again placed on regeneration
medium. After 50 days complete plantlets were formed. Zimny and Lorz
(1986), performed experiment to obtain rice plantlets from root tip derived
suspended callus cultures. Induction of callus was achieved on MS medium
containing 2 mg/L 2, 4-D and Dicamba (1 to 4 mg/L) or Picloram (1 mg/L)
was observed to be effective for organogenesis and regeneration of plants
from 7 weeks old callus.
Regeneration of plants from rice calli was noted by Yamada and Loh, 1984.
Formation of callus from protoplasts of rice has been reported by Deka and
Sen (1976), Cai et al., (1978) and protoplasts derived from immature embryo
is reported by Yin et al., (1993). Chair et al., (1996) worked on production of
transgenic plants using suspension culture technique, while Xue and Earle
(1995), reported production of tetraploid lines in rice.
Lee and coworkers (1999), conducted experiments using feeder cell
technique and four different culture procedures. The protoclones raised
showed somaclonal variation with respect to height of plant, seed length and
width, etc.
Pollen Culture
In vitro regeneration of rice plants from pollen culture was reported by Kim
and Raghavan (1988). In their experiments they used spikelets as explants,
after cold shock treatment at 6-8 o C for 7 days. Spikelets were inoculated on
to J-19 medium of Gamborg liquid medium fortified with NAA (0.5 and 1.0
mg/L), Kn (0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) and sucrose 2% and 6%. Combination of 6%
sucrose and 0.5 mg/L each NAA and kinetin was observed to be beneficial
for complete plantlet formation.
Induction of callus from pollen grains and regeneration of haploid plants has
been reported by Chen, 1977; Sun, 1978; Zapata et al., 1983. Similarly,
Zhang and Qifeng, (1993) reported production of haploid plants and
Alemanno and Guiderdoni, (1994) increased the production of haploids by
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