SUMERIAN

Non-finite verbal forms and relative clauses
below, while the present-future forms express simultaneity, see ex. (128) below,
with the verbal event of the main clause.
(127) Lugalbanda in the mountain cave 241 (ETCSL 1.8.2.1)
nu₂-a-zu-ne uŋ₃ ši-mu-e-da-nu₂
nu-ʾa=zu=ne uŋ=ø S2 ša- S4 mu- S6 e- S7 da- S12 nu- S14 ed- S16 ø
lie-PT=2.SG.POSS=L4 people=ABS MOD-VEN-2.SG-COM-lie-PF-3.SG.S
“When you have lain down, the people lie down with you.”
(128) Nam-mahne 6 2:2–5 (RIME 3/1.1.12.6) (Lagash, 21st c.) (P234696)
d lamma tar-sir₂-sir₂-ra, kisal d ba-u₂-ka ku₄(REC56)-ku₄(REC56)-da-ne₂,
lamma tarsirsir=ak=ø kisal bau=ak=ʾa ku~ku-ed-ʾa=ane=e
spirit GN=GEN=ABS courtyard DN=GEN=L1 enter~PF-PF-SUB-3.SG.H.POSS=L3.NH
alan-e nin-ŋu₁₀, ŋeštug₂-ga-ni-a
alan=e=e nin=ŋu=ø ŋeštug=ane=ʾa
alan=DEM=ERG lady=1.SG.POSS=ABS ear-3.SG.H.POSS=L1
mu-na-ni-ru-gu₂
S4 mu- S6 nn- S7 a- S10 ni- S11 n- S12 rugu- S14 e
VEN-3.SG.H-DAT-L1-3.SG.H.P-whitstand-3.SG.A
“Whenever the protective spirit of Tarsirsir enters the courtyard of Bau, this
statue will attract my lady’s attention towards him.”
The verbal stem /du/, the present-future stem of the verb ŋen “to go”, forms
the 3rd ps. forms of the construction without an -/ed/ and -/ʾa/ suffix:
(129) ABTR 13 rev. 5 (Lagash, 21st c.) (P100201)
[a]-dam-šaḫ ki -še₃ du-ne-ne
adamšaḫ=še du=anenē=e
GN=TERM
go.PF=3.PL.POSS=L3.NH
“When they were going to Adamshah”.
(130) MVN 22, 71 obv. 8 (Lagash, 21st c.) (P206204)
a-dam-šaḫ ki -ta du-ne₂
adamšaḫ=ta du=ane=e
GN=ABL go.PF=3.SG.H.POSS=L3.NH
“When they were coming from Adamshah”.
In texts from the first part of the 2nd millennium BCE and in later texts the 3rd
ps. sg. forms are sometimes case-marked with the locative1 or the ablative
instead of the locative3, what may be an interference from Akkadian which
translates these forms with the construction ina + infinitive + genitive pronoun.
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