SUMERIAN

The dative and the comitative case
(274) Gudea Cyl. A 2:26 (Lagash, 22nd c.) (ETCSL 2.1.7)
kug d ŋa₂-tum₃-dug₃-ra mu-na-ŋen
kug ŋatumdug=ra S4 mu- S6 nn- S7 a- S12 ŋen- S14 ø
holy DN=DAT.H VEN-3.SG.H-DAT-go-3.SG.S
“He (= Gudea) went to holy Gatumdug.”
(275) Gudea Cyl. A 18:8 (Lagash, 22nd c.) (ETCSL 2.1.7)
e₂-e im-ma-ŋen
e=e
S2 i- S4 m- S5 b- S7 a- S12 ŋen- S14 ø
house=DAT.NH FIN-VEN-3.SG.NH-DAT-go-3.SG.S
“He went to the temple.”
(276) Gudea Cyl. A 15:6 (Lagash, 22nd c.) (ETCSL 2.1.7)
elam elam-ta mu-na-ŋen
elam=ø elam=ta S4 mu- S6 nn- S7 a- S12 ŋen- S14 ø
elamite=ABS GN=ABL VEN-3.SG.H-DAT-go-3.SG.S
“The Elamites came to him (= Gudea) from Elam.”
The dative may denote the participant who is considered to be the cause of
a situation:
(277) Iddin-Dagan B 56 (ETCSL 2.5.3.2)
kur-kur u₂-sal-la mu-e-re-nu₂
kur~kur=ø usal=ʾa S4mu- S6 r- S7 a- S10 e- S12 nu- S14 ø
land~PL=ABS meadow=L2.NH VEN-2.SG-DAT-L2-lie-3.SG.S
“All the foreign lands rest on the meadows thanks to you.”
The dative may denote the participant that experiences a sensation or feeling:
(278) Iddin-Dagan B 53 (ETCSL 2.5.3.2)
nam-lugal-zu uŋ₃-e ba-sag₉
namlugal=zu=ø uŋ=e S5 b- S7 a- S12 sag- S14 ø
kingship=2.SG.POSS=ABS people=DAT.NH 3.SG.NH-DAT-good-3.SG.S
“Your kingship is good for the people.” = “The people like your kingship.”
(279) Enki and Ninhursaga 262 (ETCSL 1.1.1)
šeš-ŋu₁₀ a-na-zu a-ra-gig
šeš=ŋu=ø ana=zu=ø S2 a- S6 r- S7 a- S12 gig- S14 ø
brother=1.SG.POSS=ABS what=2.SG.POSS=ABS FIN-2.SG-DAT-sick-3.SG.S
ka-ŋu₁₀
ma-gig
kag=ŋu=ø
S4 m- S7 a- S12 gig- S14 ø
mouth=1.SG.POSS=ABS VEN-DAT-sick-3.SG.S
“‘My brother, what part of you hurts?’ ‘My mouth hurts.’”
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