Transnational Crime and the Developing World

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Tables and Figures in the Report Table X1. The Retail Value of Transnational Crime...................................................................... xi Table A. Inflation Adjusted Value of Global Drug Market, 2014 (US$)............................................... 3 Table B. Price vs. Distance: Colombian Cocaine (US$, street wholesale).................................. 5 Box 1. Brief History of Drug Trafficking in Mexico...................................................................... 10 Table C. Composition of Illicit Arms Trade.................................................................................. 13 Table D. The Average of an AK-47 Around the World (US$)....................................................... 14 Table E. Price vs. Distance: The Weapon’s Route....................................................................... 15 Table F. Seizure by Location, 2013.................................................................................................. 17 Figure I. Estimated Annual Profits from Human Trafficking by Region (US$ billion)................... 21 Figure II. Profits and Victims........................................................................................................ 22 Table G. Human Smuggling vs. Human Trafficking..................................................................... 23 Table H. Regional Trends in Laundering the Proceeds of Human Trafficking.............................. 25 Table I. Retail Prices of Organs (US$).......................................................................................... 29 Table J. Kidney Transplants: Vendors vs. Recipients.................................................................. 30 Table K. Prices Paid to Kidney Vendors Around the World......................................................... 30 Table L. Participants in the Illegal Organ Trade........................................................................... 31 Table M. Notable Art Heists......................................................................................................... 36 Figure III. Trade-Based Money Laundering Scheme................................................................... 40 Table N. Trade in Counterfeit and Pirated Goods, 2013 (US$).................................................... 43 Table O. Trade in Digitally Pirated Goods, 2015 (US$)................................................................ 43 Table P. Top Counterfeited Items and Brands............................................................................. 46 Box 2. Pharmaceutical Crime...................................................................................................... 47 Figure IV. Terrorist Financing and Counterfeiting......................................................................... 49 Table Q. Sample Retail Market Prices (US)..................................................................................... 54 Table R. Poacher vs. Consumer Prices (US$)............................................................................. 55 Table S. Illegal Wildlife Markets................................................................................................... 55 Box 3. Superstition vs. Reality: The Case of Ivory and Rhino Horn............................................ 56 Table T. What is IUU Fishing?...................................................................................................... 61 Table U. Flags of Convenience.................................................................................................... 64 Figure V. Trade Misinvoicing to Launder Illegally-Caught Fish.................................................... 65 Table V. Value Chain for Peruvian Mahogany, per cubic meter (US$)......................................... 69 Table W. Value Chain for West African Rosewood, per 10-ton container (US$)......................... 70 Figure VI. Division of Value: US$140/m 3 of Russian timber......................................................... 70 Figure VII. Mining Spectrum........................................................................................................ 75 Table Y. Annual Value of Illegal Gold Mining in Latin America (US$ millions)............................. 76 Figure VIII. Illegal Mining, Trade Misinvoicing, and Tax Fraud.................................................... 81 Table Z. Crude Oil Theft Volume and Value (US$)...................................................................... 83 Box 4. Oil and War...................................................................................................................... 86 Figure IX. Pipelines and Drug Trafficking Organization Territory, 2015........................................... 87 Figure X. Cocaine and Crude..................................................................................................... 88 Table AA. The Retail Value of Transnational Crime..................................................................... 99 Appendix Table A. Global Drug Market Values by Rate of Inflation (US$).................................. 101 Appendix Table B. Global Drug Market Value by Percent of GDP (current US$)....................... 102 Appendix Table C. Global Drug Submarket Values by GDP Growth (US$)................................ 102 Appendix Table D. The Average Cost of an AK-47 Around the World (US$).............................. 103 Global Financial Integrity vi
Appendix Table E. Estimated Value of the Illegal Organ Trade................................................... 104 Appendix Table F. Prices Paid to Kidney Vendors Around the World......................................... 104 Appendix Table G. Price Range of Liver Transplants (US$)........................................................ 105 Appendix Table H. Price Range of Heart Transplants (US$)....................................................... 106 Appendix Table I. Price Range of Lung Transplants (US$)......................................................... 107 Appendix Table J. Price Range of Pancreas Transplants (US$)................................................ 107 Appendix Table K. Kidney Transplants: Vendors vs. Recipients (US$)....................................... 108 Appendix Table L. Prices Paid to Kidney Vendors Around the World......................................... 108 Appendix Table M. Notable Art Heists........................................................................................ 110 Appendix Table N. Global Illegal Wildlife Trade Values (US$)..................................................... 111 Appendix Table O. Sample Retail Market Prices (US$)................................................................. 112 Appendix Table P. Source vs. Market Country Prices (US$)....................................................... 113 Appendix Table Q. Summary of Regional Estimates of Illegal Fishing, Averaged Over 2000- 2003............................................................................................................................................ 114 Appendix Table R. Estimated Illegal Catch Volume, 2011-2014................................................ 115 Transnational Crime and the Developing World vii
Page 1 and 2: Transnational Crime and the Develop
Page 3 and 4: Transnational Crime and the Develop
Page 5 and 6: Global Financial Integrity is pleas
Page 7: Contents Glossary..................
Page 11 and 12: Glossary ACT AML ATS Avg. BACRIM BP
Page 13 and 14: Executive Summary Overview Transnat
Page 15 and 16: Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulate
Page 17 and 18: I. Introduction The aim of this rep
Page 19 and 20: II. Drug Trafficking A. Overview Th
Page 21 and 22: done throughout the year, increasin
Page 23 and 24: market is primarily supplied domest
Page 25 and 26: legitimate work. Money laundering i
Page 27 and 28: easily accessible, with some being
Page 29 and 30: III. Trafficking of Small Arms and
Page 31 and 32: Table E. Price vs. Distance: The We
Page 33 and 34: on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) show tha
Page 35 and 36: eactivated handgun that had been so
Page 37 and 38: IV. Human Trafficking A. Overview H
Page 39 and 40: Human trafficking and human smuggli
Page 41 and 42: up deposits) to avoid currency repo
Page 43 and 44: and it has used some others as suic
Page 45 and 46: V. Illegal Organ Trade A. Overview
Page 47 and 48: developed countries is US$20,000, w
Page 49 and 50: E. Recent Developments The consider
Page 51 and 52: VI. The Illicit Trade in Cultural P
Page 53 and 54: or illicit transactions can get bur
Page 55 and 56: trafficking transactions, providing
Page 57 and 58: Paying ransom demands, as well as t
Page 59 and 60:
VII. Counterfeit and Pirated Goods
Page 61 and 62:
and pirated goods come from China.
Page 63 and 64:
Box 2. Pharmaceutical Crime Counter
Page 65 and 66:
Figure IV. Terrorist Financing and
Page 67 and 68:
F. Summary With an estimated US$923
Page 69 and 70:
VIII. Illegal Wildlife Trade A. Ove
Page 71 and 72:
Table R. Poacher vs. Consumer Price
Page 73 and 74:
Community-based ecotourism is a pow
Page 75 and 76:
was traditionally seen as a conserv
Page 77 and 78:
IX. Illegal, Unreported, and Unregu
Page 79 and 80:
IUU fishing particularly flourishes
Page 81 and 82:
Figure V. Trade Misinvoicing to Lau
Page 83 and 84:
E. Recent Developments The fishing
Page 85 and 86:
X. Illegal Logging A. Overview Ille
Page 87 and 88:
C. Dynamics Illegal logging, like o
Page 89 and 90:
illion in revenues and taxes annual
Page 91 and 92:
XI. Illegal Mining A. Overview Mine
Page 93 and 94:
C. Dynamics The discussion of confl
Page 95 and 96:
damages that can affect generations
Page 97 and 98:
Figure VIII. Illegal Mining, Trade
Page 99 and 100:
XII. Crude Oil Theft A. Overview Cr
Page 101 and 102:
estimate places the daily loss of c
Page 103 and 104:
Figure IX. Pipelines and Drug Traff
Page 105 and 106:
Small-scale oil theft and refining
Page 107 and 108:
F. Summary The theft of crude oil r
Page 109 and 110:
XIII. Policy Recommendations Overvi
Page 111 and 112:
on the lack of oversight secrecy ju
Page 113 and 114:
at the top levels, and authorized c
Page 115 and 116:
XIV. Conclusion Transnational crime
Page 117 and 118:
Appendix: Methodology This appendix
Page 119 and 120:
2. The Average Cost of an AK-47 The
Page 121 and 122:
Japan 502 $80,000 Low $14,000 High
Page 123 and 124:
519 Appendix Table I. Price Range o
Page 125 and 126:
D. Trafficking in Cultural Property
Page 127 and 128:
E. The Illegal Wildlife Trade This
Page 129 and 130:
Appendix Table P. Source vs. Market
Page 131 and 132:
Appendix Table R. Estimated Illegal
Page 133 and 134:
Bibliography “7 Nabbed for Intern
Page 135 and 136:
Cat Skin Trade. London: Environment
Page 137 and 138:
Chugh, Nishtha. “Need a Kidney? I
Page 139 and 140:
Dunlevy, Sue. “Australians Turn t
Page 141 and 142:
Federation. Accessed September 12,
Page 143 and 144:
Gupta, Sanjay. “Unintended Conseq
Page 145 and 146:
“International Plan of Action to
Page 147 and 148:
Lerner, Maura. “U.S. Man Defies D
Page 149 and 150:
the Wildlife TRAPS Project. Cambrid
Page 151 and 152:
ence 13, no. 3 (September 2014): 31
Page 153 and 154:
Schmidle, Nicholas. “Disarming Vi
Page 155 and 156:
Strobel, Warren, Jonathan Landay, a
Page 157 and 158:
Quartz, August 12, 2016. http://qz.
Page 159 and 160:
“Update on Rhino Poaching Statist
Page 161 and 162:
Intelligence, September 6, 2013. ht
Page 163 and 164:
About Global Financial Integrity Fo
Page 166:
1100 17th St, NW, Suite 505 | Washi
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Transnational Crime and the Developing World

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