Factors Affecting Trade Patterns of - United States International ...

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Mining and Manufacturing Growth in mining and manufacturing exports was strong during 2002–06; however, it was concentrated in energy-related products and minerals and metals, which grew at average annual rates of 67 and 31 percent, respectively, by value (figure 1.1). SSA exports of energy-related products grew nearly 270 percent by value during 2002–06, reflecting increased world petroleum prices as well as increased volume (table 1.1). Similarly, SSA exports of minerals and metals increased by 124 percent during 2002–06 as strong global demand increased the volume of exports and fueled higher prices for products such as gold, aluminum, steel, and copper. SSA exports of all other commodities in the mining and manufacturing sector rose 52 percent during 2002–06. The five selected industries in the SSA mining and manufacturing sector profiled in chapter 3, ranked by 2006 export value, are: natural rubber, processed diamonds, textiles, wood furniture, and footwear. Exports increased in four of the five sectors during 2002–06, with gains ranging from 12–262 percent. The one exception was wood furniture, which decreased by 46 percent. Services Services exports represented about 15 percent of total SSA exports during 2002– 05 (table 1.1). 9 The value of SSA services exports increased 81 percent during 2001–05, from $15.5 billion in 2001 to $28.0 billion in 2005 (table 1.2). 10 The composition of SSA services exports shifted toward travel and tourism during the period. Travel and tourism accounted for 47 percent ($13.5 billion) of all SSA services exports in 2005, an increase from 39 percent ($6.4 billion) in 2001. 11 Transportation services accounted for 19 percent of all SSA services exports in 2005, a decrease from 22 percent in 2001. All other services (including communications, construction, insurance, financial, computer and information services) decreased from 39 to 34 percent of all SSA services exports during 2001–05. Services exports from SSA are concentrated in the five leading exporters (South Africa, Nigeria, Mauritius, Kenya, and Tanzania), which accounted for $19.4 billion in services exports in 2005, representing 69 percent of all SSA services exports (table 1.2). The predominant type of service exported varied among exporters. In 2006, for example, tourism services dominated the services exports from South Africa (67 percent), Tanzania (67 percent), and Mauritius (60 percent). 12 Other services (including communications, construction, insurance, financial, computer, and information services) dominated the services exports from Nigeria (82 percent) in 2005. In Kenya, services exports were 9 “Services” refers to commercial services as defined by the IMF and consist of transportation, travel and tourism, and other services; other services include communications, construction, insurance, financial, computer and information, royalties and license fees, and other business services. 10 Services data were not completely available for 2006. 11 IMF, International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 2007. 12 WTO, Statistical Databases. 1-6
divided between transportation services (48 percent) and tourism services (38 percent) in 2005. Table 1.2 Sub-Saharan Africa commercial services exports: Value by country, 2001–05 Country 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1-7 Million dollars Absolute change Percent change Total Africa 32,200 34,500 42,500 51,400 57,600 25,400 79 Total sub-Saharan Africa 15,481 16,862 21,470 24,644 28,000 12,519 81 South Africa 4,728 4,863 8,120 9,444 10,898 6,170 130 Nigeria 1,653 2,524 3,473 3,336 4,164 2,511 152 Mauritius 1,218 1,146 1,274 1,449 1,604 386 32 Kenya 821 773 876 1,227 1,523 702 86 Tanzania 853 860 900 1,058 1,181 328 38 Other SSA countries 6,205 6,696 6,827 8,130 8,630 2,425 39 Source: WTO International Trade Statistics 2007.
Page 2 and 3: U.S. International Trade Commission
Page 4 and 5: This report was prepared principall
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS Abstract .................
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS—Continued Chapter 2 Agri
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS—Continued Chapter 3 Mini
Page 13 and 14: CONTENTS-Continued Chapter 4 Servic
Page 15: CONTENTS-Continued Figures—Contin
Page 18 and 19: several multinational companies to
Page 20 and 21: Table ES.1 Sub-Saharan Africa: Summ
Page 22 and 23: xviii Table ES.2 Sub-Saharan Africa
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Overview
Page 27 and 28: Approach The approach employed by t
Page 29: Table 1.1 Sub-Saharan Africa mercha
Page 34 and 35: Coffee Summary of Findings The valu
Page 36 and 37: Table 2.1 Sub-Saharan Africa coffee
Page 38 and 39: Kenya Coffee is a major export for
Page 40 and 41: 95 percent of Tanzania’s coffee i
Page 42 and 43: Figure 2.2 Leading markets for glob
Page 44 and 45: improvement in quality over the pas
Page 46 and 47: usiness and conducts central coffee
Page 48 and 49: Coffee Bibliography Akiyama, Takama
Page 50 and 51: Wasserman, Miriam. “Trouble in Co
Page 52 and 53: Box 2.2 Shea butter production, pro
Page 54 and 55: Shea butter competes with a number
Page 56 and 57: Table 2.2 Sub-Saharan Africa shea n
Page 58 and 59: Figure 2.6 SSA shea exports for sel
Page 60 and 61: Leading Export Markets The leading
Page 62 and 63: include specific iodine values, mel
Page 64 and 65: utter. Blue Mont Trading LTD instal
Page 66 and 67: ——. “The Shea Butter Value Ch
Page 68 and 69: Table 2.4 Sub-Saharan Africa export
Page 70 and 71: Box 2.4 Product description for spi
Page 72 and 73: Table 2.5 Sub-Saharan Africa export
Page 74 and 75: Vanilla In 2006, the leading world
Page 76 and 77: Figure 2.10 SSA vanilla and clove e
Page 78 and 79: Spices Bibliography Angrisani, Caro
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Tropical Fruit 155 Summary of Findi
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chains, as well as more dependable
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Pacific (ACP) regions to reduce the
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Table 2.6 Sub-Saharan Africa export
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terms of value was much more signif
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Figure 2.13 Leading markets for glo
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Box 2.7 EU tariff preferences for b
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a corresponding contraction in mark
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product, the largest suppliers to t
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has a controlling interest, was the
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(2,471 acres) at the Paradise pinea
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port, and provides market informati
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Tropical Fruit Bibliography Adongo,
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Heller, Lorraine, “Chiquita Raise
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Footwear Summary of Findings Althou
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Box 3.1 Product description for foo
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Leading Exporters China dominates e
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SSA footwear exports reached $42.5
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companies. Footwear and apparel exp
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factories and to train employees to
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Box 3.3 TSONGA USA LLC: An example
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Van der Loop, Theo. Clothing and Fo
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Table 3.2 Sub-Saharan Africa natura
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Profiles of Leading SSA NR Producer
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Nigeria; however Michelin ceased op
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Proposals to Promote the Industry a
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Figure 3.4 Leading markets for glob
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Natural Rubber Bibliography AFP.
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Processed Diamonds Summary of Findi
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Box 3.6 Precious-metal jewelry An e
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Box 3.7 The Kimberley Process Certi
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The opening and success of the plan
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Box 3.8 Petra Diamonds’ for SSA b
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MBendi, “Africa: Mining-Diamond M
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Table 3.5 Sub-Saharan Africa textil
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High demand for apparel inputs such
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For example, Lesotho’s export gro
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increased European demand for appar
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Tanzania In 2004, A to Z Textile Mi
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Textiles Bibliography Brenton, Paul
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Wood Furniture Summary of Findings
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European Commission for the Promoti
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Figure 3.8 Leading global and sub-S
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producers to pursue increasingly di
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Box 3.11 Shift in sourcing of wood
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$805,000. 241 Consequently, the com
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A smaller exporter, Semak Ghana Ltd
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egulations are often part of a fore
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South Africa A focus in the 1994 Fo
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Wood Furniture Bibliography African
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International Log & Sawnwood Prices
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Wood Southern Africa & Timber Times
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Africa, 3 Kenya, and Ethiopia were
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Table 4.2 Leading sub-Saharan Afric
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Figure 4.1 Leading global a and sub
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sharing agreements, 19 capital inve
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Infrastructure Development Investme
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Ethiopia Aviation services exports
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South Africa is serviced by three i
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Aviation Services Bibliography Afri
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Otieno, Tobias. “Aircraft and Air
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Industry Overview The voice telecom
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Commensurate with the relatively la
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Factors Affecting Export Patterns D
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Table 4.4 Competition and state own
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the region. 114 National fiberoptic
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agricultural productivity and farm
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Nigeria Nigeria became the largest
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low penetration rates and liberaliz
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International Monetary Fund (IMF).
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APPENDIX A REQUEST LETTER
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A-4
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Federal Register / Vol. 72, No. 137
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APPENDIX C HEARING LIST OF PARTICPA
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APPENDIX D SUMMARY OF VIEWS OF INTE
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He indicated that COMESA has develo
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textile, apparel, and related indus
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Table E.1 Harmonized tariff schedul
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F‐3 App. F.1 Top 10 exports, by H
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F‐11 App. F.1 Top 10 exports, by
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App. F.2 Leading SSA services expor
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App. F.2 Leading SSA services expor
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