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C 2 H 6 O Ethanol CH 3 CH 2 O Step 1 Find valence e- for all atoms. Add them together. C: 4 x 2 = 8 H: 1 x 6 = 6 O: 6 Total = 20 Step 2 Find octet e- for each atom and add them together. C: 8 x 2 = 16 H: 2 x 6 = 12 O: 8 Total = 36 Step 3 Subtract Step 1 total from Step 2. Gives you bonding e-. 36 – 20 = 16e- Step 4 Find number of bonds by diving the number in step 3 by 2 (because each bond is made of 2 e-) 16e- / 2 = 8 bond pairs These can be single, double or triple bonds. Step 5 Determine which is the central atom Find the one that is the least electronegative. Use the periodic table and find the one farthest away from Fluorine or The one that only has 1 atom.
Step 6 Put the atoms in the structure that you think it will have and bond them together. Put Single bonds between atoms. Step 7 Find the number of nonbonding (lone pairs) e-. Subtract step 3 number from step 1. 20 – 16 = 4e- = 2 lone pairs Step 8 Complete the Octet Rule by adding the lone pairs. Then, if needed, use any lone pairs to make double and triple bonds so that all atoms meet the Octet Rule. See Step 4 for total number of bonds.
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Enmanuel’s Chemistry Notebook
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Unit 1 Measurement Lab Separation o
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Unit 5 (28 days) Chapter 10 Chemica
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30. Always lubricate glassware (tub
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Chapter 1 Unit 1 Introduction to Ch
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Determine appropriate and consisten
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2. One cereal bar has a mass of 37
Page 16 and 17: 1. How many meters are in one kilom
Page 18 and 19: The Learning Goal for this assignme
Page 20 and 21: RULE #3: To add/subtract in scienti
Page 24 and 25: Rule 3: A final zero or trailing ze
Page 26 and 27: For addition and subtraction, look
Page 28 and 29: Dimensional Analysis This is a way
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 4 Unit 2 Atomic Structure T
Page 34 and 35: Looking at Ions We haven’t talked
Page 36 and 37: Neutron Madness We have already lea
Page 39 and 40: Electron Configuration Color the su
Page 41 and 42: Electron Configuration In order to
Page 44 and 45: Create groups for these Scientist a
Page 46 and 47: The Learning Goal for this Assignme
Page 48 and 49: Define Atomic Size: The size of the
Page 50 and 51: Electronegativity Define Electroneg
Page 52 and 53: Unit 3 Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry
Page 54 and 55: Enmanuel Garrido Name _____________
Page 56 and 57: Learning Goal for this section: Exp
Page 58 and 59: Beta Particle Decay Beta decay is a
Page 62 and 63: Ion Charge? What is the charge on f
Page 68 and 69: Linear Molecular Geometry Orbital E
Page 70 and 71: Bent Molecular Geometry Orbital Equ
Page 72 and 73: Bent Molecular Geometry Orbital Equ
Page 74 and 75: Trigonal Bi Pyramidal Molecular Geo
Page 76 and 77: Octahedral Molecular Geometry Orbit
Page 78 and 79: Orbitals Equation Lone Pairs Angle
Page 80 and 81: Chapter 9 Unit 4 Chemical Names and
Page 82: http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guid
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 12 Stoichiometry The studen
Page 87 and 88: www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTRm8PwcZ3U
Page 89 and 90: 4) Double displacement: This is whe
Page 91 and 92: Determine the Type of Reaction for
Page 93 and 94: Step 3 Always leave hydrogen and ox
Page 95 and 96: 1) ___ NaNO3 + ___ PbO ___ Pb(NO3)
Page 97 and 98: 1) 2 NaNO3 + PbO Pb(NO3)2 + Na2O 2
Page 99 and 100: we can determine that 2 moles of HC
Page 101 and 102: When there is no limiting reagent b
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Page 114 and 115: Summary: In this chapter we learned
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P 1 : 1980 torr V 1 : 7730 ml P 2 :
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P 1 : 107 kPA T 1 : 41 C à 314 K P
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Ideal Gas Law: The gas law that inc
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7.Electrolyte: Is a compound that c
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Create and interpret potential ener
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Part 1: Mass Percent Mass percent (
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Glossary Concentration: Amount of d
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Specific Heat Here is the definitio
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Step One: solid ice rises in temper
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Step Three: liquid water rises in t
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Step Five: steam rises in temperatu
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then it is exothermic, meaning the
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Chemical Concepts: The chemical con
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A increasing the equilibrium consta
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Chemical Concepts: The chemical con
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Reduction Oxidation reduction react
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So far, the properties have an obvi
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The acid base theory of Brønsted a
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IV. Problems with the Theory This t
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Let's discuss significant figures a
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On your calculator you would input
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Ag+ + Cu ---> Ag + Cu2+ I have deli
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7. Half Reactions A half-reaction i
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Notice that each separate substance
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Table E Selected Polyatomic Ions Fo
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Table H Vapor Pressure of Four Liqu
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Table K Common Acids Table N Select
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Table R Organic Functional Groups C
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Table S Properties of Selected Elem
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Table T Important Formulas and Equa
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CHEMISTRY EXAM FORMULA AND RESOURCE
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Activity Series of Metals Name Symb
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