High-Yield Neuroanatomy 5e

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72 Chapter 8 Midbrain Accessory occulomotor nucleus CN III Ciliary ganglion Pterygopalatine ganglion Sphincter pupillae and ciliaris Pons Medulla Superior salivatory nucleus Inferior salivatory nucleus Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus CN VII CN IX CN X Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion Lacrimal and nasal glands Submandibular and sublingual glands Parotid gland Heart Bronchial tree Stomach Small intestine Large intestine S-2 S-3 S-4 Urinary bladder Pelvic splanchnic nerves Genital erectile tissue Figure 8-2 The parasympathetic (craniosacral) innervation of the autonomic nervous system. B. CN VII—preganglionic cell bodies in the superior salivatory nucleus; postganglionic cell bodies in the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia. C. CN IX—preganglionic cell bodies in the inferior salivatory nucleus; postganglionic cell bodies in the otic ganglion. D. CN X—preganglionic cell bodies in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus; postganglionic cell bodies in intramural ganglia.
Autonomic Nervous System 73 III Communicating Rami include the following: A. White Rami Communicantes, which are found between T-1 and L-2 and are myelinated. Carry visceral afferents and preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the sympathetic chain. B. Gray Rami Communicantes, which are found at all spinal levels and are unmyelinated. Carry postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the spinal nerve. IV Neurotransmitters of the ANS include the following: A. Acetylcholine, which is the neurotransmitter of the preganglionic neurons, as well as the postganglionic parasympathetics. B. Norepinephrine, which is the neurotransmitter of the postganglionic sympathetic neurons. C. Dopamine, which is the neurotransmitter of the small, intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, which are interneurons of the sympathetic ganglia. V Clinical Correlation A. Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease or Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon) is characterized by extreme dilation and hypertrophy of the colon, with fecal retention, and by the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus. It occurs when neural crest cells do not migrate into the colon. B. Familial Dysautonomia (Riley–Day Syndrome) predominantly affects Jewish children. It is an autosomal recessive trait that is characterized by abnormal sweating, unstable blood pressure (e.g., orthostatic hypotension), difficulty in feeding (as a result of inadequate muscle tone in the gastrointestinal tract), and progressive sensory loss. It results in the loss of neurons in the autonomic and sensory ganglia. C. Raynaud Disease is a painful disorder of the terminal arteries of the extremities. It is characterized by idiopathic paroxysmal bilateral cyanosis of the digits (as a result of arterial and arteriolar constriction because of cold or emotion). It may be treated by preganglionic sympathectomy. D. Peptic Ulcer Disease results from excessive production of hydrochloric acid because of increased parasympathetic (tone) stimulation. E. Horner Syndrome (see Chapter 14) is oculosympathetic paralysis. Characterized by ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis, and enophthalmos. F. Shy–Drager Syndrome involves preganglionic sympathetic neurons. It is characterized by orthostatic hypotension, anhidrosis, impotence, and bladder atonicity. G. Botulism. The toxin of Clostridium botulinum blocks the release of acetylcholine and results in paralysis of striated muscles. Autonomic effects include dry eyes, dry mouth, and gastrointestinal ileus (bowel obstruction). H. Lambert–Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome is a preganglionic disorder of neuromuscular transmission in which acetylcholine release is impaired, resulting in autonomic dysfunction (such as dry mouth) as well as proximal muscle weakness and abnormal tendon reflexes.
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TM FIFTH EDITION Neuroanatomy Dougl
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CONTENTS Preface vii 1 GROSS STRUCT
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x Contents Lesions of the Brainstem
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xii Contents V Cerebellar Dysfuncti
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2 Chapter 1 Superior frontal sulcus
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4 Chapter 1 Precommissural fornix P
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6 Chapter 1 3. Lateral ventricles (
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8 Chapter 1 c. Inferior colliculus
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CHAPTER 2 Development of the Nervou
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12 Chapter 2 Three primary vesicles
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14 Chapter 2 Figure 2-6 Midsagittal
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16 Chapter 2 H. Holoprosencephaly r
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18 Chapter 3 Sensory (receptor) neu
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20 Chapter 3 A Normal neuron Site o
Page 36 and 37: 22 Chapter 3 Germinomas )
Page 38 and 39: 24 Chapter 3 CASE 3-1 A 44-year-old
Page 40 and 41: 26 Chapter 4 Cerebral arterial circ
Page 42 and 43: 28 Chapter 4 B. Basilar Artery—fo
Page 44 and 45: 30 Chapter 4 A 12 B 6 1 11 10 2 15
Page 46 and 47: 32 Chapter 4 Callosomarginal artery
Page 48 and 49: 34 Chapter 4 Outer table Diploë Du
Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER 5 Meninges, Ventricles, and
Page 52 and 53: 38 Chapter 5 a. Common causes i. Ne
Page 54 and 55: 40 Chapter 5 1 2 3 8 4 5 6 7 9 Figu
Page 56 and 57: 42 Chapter 5 A B C D Figure 5-6 Com
Page 58 and 59: CHAPTER 6 Spinal Cord Objectives 1.
Page 60 and 61: 46 Chapter 6 Posterior side Anterio
Page 62 and 63: 48 Chapter 6 Ia afferent Excitatory
Page 64 and 65: 50 Chapter 6 Thalamus Internal caps
Page 66 and 67: 52 Chapter 6 Corpus callosum Thalam
Page 68 and 69: 54 Chapter 6 C. Course of the Later
Page 70 and 71: 56 Chapter 6 A B C D E F G H Figure
Page 72 and 73: 58 Chapter 6 C. Unilateral muscle a
Page 74 and 75: Optic nerve Anterior perforated sub
Page 76 and 77: 62 Chapter 7 Spinal nucleus and tra
Page 78 and 79: 64 Chapter 7 Superior medullary vel
Page 80 and 81: 66 Chapter 7 4. Spinal nucleus and
Page 82 and 83: 68 Chapter 7 B. Vagal Nerve (CN X).
Page 84 and 85: CHAPTER 8 Autonomic Nervous System
Page 88 and 89: 74 Chapter 8 Table 8-1: Sympathetic
Page 90 and 91: 76 Chapter 9 Mammillary bodies Ocul
Page 92 and 93: 78 Chapter 9 A Figure 9-2 Paralysis
Page 94 and 95: 80 Chapter 9 VI The Abducent Nerve
Page 96 and 97: 82 Chapter 9 5. The GVE component i
Page 98 and 99: 84 Chapter 9 Motor cortex UMN UMN C
Page 100 and 101: 86 Chapter 9 Motor cortex UMN UMN C
Page 102 and 103: 88 Chapter 10 Motor cortex UMN Supe
Page 104 and 105: 90 Chapter 10 Table 10-1: The Trige
Page 106 and 107: CHAPTER 11 Diencephalon Objectives
Page 108 and 109: 94 Chapter 11 III Blood Supply. The
Page 110 and 111: 96 Chapter 11 Paraventricular nucle
Page 112 and 113: 98 Chapter 11 VL VP MD F X Thalamus
Page 114 and 115: CHAPTER 12 Auditory System Objectiv
Page 116 and 117: 102 Chapter 12 III Hearing Defects
Page 118 and 119: CHAPTER 13 Vestibular System Object
Page 120 and 121: 106 Chapter 13 1. Bipolar neurons p
Page 122 and 123: CHAPTER 14 Visual System Objectives
Page 124 and 125: 110 Chapter 14 Choroid Choriocapill
Page 126 and 127: 112 Chapter 14 Pretectal nucleus Br
Page 128 and 129: 114 Chapter 14 Lateral rectus Left
Page 130 and 131: CHAPTER 15 Limbic System Objectives
Page 132 and 133: 118 Chapter 15 D. The cingulate gyr
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER 16 Basal Nuclei and Extrapy
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122 Chapter 16 Caudate nucleus, hea
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Septum pellucidum Longitudinal cere
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CHAPTER 17 Cerebellum Objectives 1.
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128 Chapter 17 C. Cerebellar Cortex
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130 Chapter 17 CASE 17-1 A 50-year-
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132 Chapter 18 Figure 18-1 Neurocor
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134 Chapter 18 A Sensory Homunculus
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136 Chapter 18 A Right hemiplegia H
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138 Chapter 18 C. Test (Figure 18-8
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140 Chapter 18 5. Quadrantanopia 6.
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CHAPTER 19 Cross-Sectional Anatomy
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Thalamus Central sulcus Corpus call
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Thalamus Cingulate sulcus Central s
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148 Chapter 19 Septum pellucidum In
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150 Chapter 19 Corpus callosum Caud
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Cingulate gyrus Fornix Caudate nucl
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Internal capsule (ant. limb) Fornix
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Hypothalamus Gyrus rectus Anterior
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158 Chapter 19 Longitudinal cerebra
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160 Chapter 19 Optic nerve Sphenoid
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162 Chapter 20 Figure 20-2 Synthesi
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164 Chapter 20 2. Enkephalins are t
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166 Chapter 20 is fatigable weaknes
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168 Appendix I Cranial Nerve Type O
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APPENDIX II Table of Common Neurolo
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172 Appendix II Disease State Locke
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174 Glossary aphonia Loss of the vo
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176 Glossary dysdiadochokinesia Ina
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178 Glossary lipofuscin (ceroid) No
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180 Glossary psychosis Severe menta
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INDEX Page numbers followed by “f
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Index 185 E Emissary veins, 29 Ence
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Index 187 catecholamines, 161 nonop
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