Historyof Christianity in the lands of My Toil

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HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE LANDS OF MY TOIL: PROF. M. M. NINAN THE SOUDAN PIONEER MISSION THE SUDAN UNITED MISSION The Sudan United Mission was founded by Hermann Karl Wilhelm Kumm (1875-1930) from Osterode, Germany and his wife Lucy Evangeline Guinness (1865-1906).Initially they called themselves Soudan Pioneer Mission which was later changed to Sudan Union Mission. Their work extend to the wider "Soudan" territory as far as Nigeria and Ghana. Following Kumm's recruitment meetings in Australia, the Australian branch of SUM began sending missionaries to work in Sudan. Wilfrid Mills, the Trudingers and D N McDiarmid arrived in 1914. From 1920 they concentrated on the Eastern Nuba Mountains, which became the SUM field. By 1936 there were thirty three Australian SUM missionaries working there. Sudan Pioneer Mission House in Aswan 100
To summarize the history of the Sudan: HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE LANDS OF MY TOIL: PROF. M. M. NINAN What is now northern and central Sudan was in ancient times the Meroitic-speaking Kingdom of Kush, which for a short time even ruled over Egypt as the 25th dynasty. Driven out of Egypt by the Assyrians it retreated back to Sudan, where it maintained itself until the mid 4th century AD. After its fall the Nubians formed the three kingdoms of Nobatia, Makuria and Alodia, which converted to Christianity in the 6th century. In 642 and 652 respectively Makuria, now probably unified with Nobatia, managed to maintain its independence against the Rashidun Caliphate. Afterwards the Nubian kingdoms blossomed, while Muslim Arabs began to settle among the Beja people in the Sudanese Red Sea coast and the adjacent Eastern Desert. Since 1317 Makuria was temporarily ruled by Muslim kings, and after 1365 it had largely collapsed, being reduced merely to Lower Nubia ] At least since 1324 Arab Bedouins had begun to migrate to the Sudanese Nile Valley, eventually settling in the Butana, the Gezira, Kordofan and Darfur. The last Christian Nubian kingdom, Alodia, was destroyed in c. 1500 either by Arabs or the African Funj. After the destruction of Alodia the Funj founded a new Muslim state encompassing large parts of riverine and eastern Sudan, while Darfur dominated the west and the Ottomans the far north. Due to Sufi teachers, Islam started to become the dominant religion in Sudan, albeit small Christian Nubian communities survived until the turn of the 20th century. Additionally, the Nubians living upstream of Al Dabbah and in Kordofan were Arabized, a process largely completed by the 19th century. In 1820 central Sudan was conquered by Muhammad Ali Pasha. The harsh Egyptian reign eventually caused a successful revolt led by the self-proclaimed Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah, resulting in the establishment of the Caliphate of Omdurman. This state lasted until 1899, when it was destroyed by the British Empire. Afterwards Sudan was governed by the Anglo-Egyptian condominium Egyptian Kingdom of Kush c. 16th cent. BC – 11th cent. BC Meroitic Kingdom of Kush 11th cent. BC– 6th cent. BC Christian Kingdoms of Nubia 6th AD- c. 14th cent.AD Islamization c. 9th cent AD– 19th cent.AD Ali dynasty 1821–1885 AD The Mahdiyah 1885–1899 AD Anglo-Egyptian rule 1899–1956 AD Thus, the Reverend Wilson Cash, secretary of the Church Missionary Society, observed in 1930: “The government is scrupulously fair to Muslims and pagans, and in religious matters adopts a strictly neutral attitude. The task of evangelization is no part of the government's work and it falls to the mission alone to decide whether these southern pagan tribes shall be left to be captured for Islam or whether they shall be won for Jesus Christ” (Wilson Cash, The Changing Sudan, London: Christian Mission Society, 1930, p. 54.) 101
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PREFACE This story is taken right o
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These ancient civilizations are: HI
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The Church Suffering and Victorious
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