Historyof Christianity in the lands of My Toil

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These ancient civilizations are: HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE LANDS OF MY TOIL: PROF. M. M. NINAN The Mesopotamian civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates valley (c. 3300 BC - c. 2000 BC), The Egyptian civilization in the Nile valley (c. 3200 BC - c. 1000 BC), The Harappan civilization in the Indus valley (c. 3200 BC - c. 1300 BC), and The Yellow River (Chinese) civilization in the Yellow River valley (c. 2000 BC - c. 200 BC). 1. The Mesopotamian civilization The Mesopotamian civilization was the first to spring onto the historical scene. Situated in the Tigris-Euphrates valley, its history is broadly divided into three phases – (a) the Sumerians (b) the Akkadian empire, and (c) the Third dynasty of Ur Ruins of Mesopotamia. 2
HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE LANDS OF MY TOIL: PROF. M. M. NINAN Sumerians The Sumerians were the first people to form a city-based civilization c. 3300 BC. Among the cities they established were Ur, Uruk and Lagash. The Sumerians were based in south Mesopotamia. They developed the cuneiform script, the earliest known writing system in the world. Akkadian Empire The Akkadians from north Mesopotamia, under Sargon, conquered the Sumerians around 2350 BC and established the world's first empire, the Akkadian empire Third Dynasty of Ur In 2100 BC, the Sumerians were back as the Third Dynasty of Ur. The most impressive monument of this period is the Ziggurat of Ur, a type of stepped pyramid with successively receding levels. The dynasty lasted for only a hundred years before being overthrown by nomadic tribes, clearing the way for the later emergence of the Babylonian Empire. Sumerian Achievements When we refer to the earliest Mesopotamian civilization, we are actually referring to the Sumerian civilization Sumerians were very inventive…they added 3 great achievements to early human history 1. The Wheel Before people had to move objects by hand or logs Sumerian wheels were made by attaching wooden planks together in a circle Then they could be added to carts 2. Irrigation and Flood Control Sumerians needed a way to keep crops watered during dry summers. Also needed protection from floods. Sumerians dug canals and built dams to water crops and to control flooding. river 3. Written Language Earliest writing used pictures to stand for words 4. Number system based on 60 5. They started the Lunar calendar based on the phases of the moon Sail Plow 6. The developed into large City-States - 12 cities in Sumer 3
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