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Sequence <strong>an</strong>alysis shows that <strong>the</strong> 6156 sequence reads without genomic loci generally originate<br />

<strong>from</strong> miRNAs (44%) <strong>an</strong>d tRNA/rRNA (13%). We <strong>the</strong>n compared this group of sequence reads<br />

to all <strong>the</strong> known miRNAs in mirBase. We identified 178 sequences that are identical to known<br />

miRNAs, <strong>an</strong>d thus c<strong>an</strong> be <strong>an</strong>notated as miRNAs as well. Altoge<strong>the</strong>r, we have identified 361<br />

zebra finch miRNAs. The overall contents of <strong>the</strong> miRNA in <strong>the</strong> sequencing samples are about<br />

50% <strong>for</strong> both libraries. Moreover, we also found evidence that some of <strong>the</strong>se putative miRNAs<br />

are edited at specific positions. A comparison between <strong>the</strong> miRNA profiles of <strong>the</strong> brain <strong>an</strong>d <strong>the</strong><br />

liver libraries indicates that m<strong>an</strong>y miRNAs show tissue specific expression patterns between <strong>the</strong><br />

two tissues. The brain specific expressions of some of <strong>the</strong> miRNAs are also conserved in hum<strong>an</strong>s<br />

<strong>an</strong>d mice.<br />

Disclosures: X. Li, None; G. Luo, None; M. Hafner, None; T. Tuschl, None; X. W<strong>an</strong>g, None.<br />

Poster<br />

584. Vocal Communication: Songbirds II<br />

Location: South Hall A<br />

Time: Tuesday, October 20, <strong>2009</strong>, 8:00 am - 12:00 noon<br />

Program#/Poster#: 584.2/GG103<br />

Topic: F.04.c. Vocal/social communication<br />

Support: KAKENHI 21700294 <strong>from</strong> Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science <strong>an</strong>d<br />

Technology of Jap<strong>an</strong><br />

Title: Gene expression ch<strong>an</strong>ges during song development in <strong>the</strong> songbird brain<br />

Authors: *M. KATO 1,2 , K. OKANOYA 2 ;<br />

1 Grad. Sch. of Hum<strong>an</strong> Relations, Keio Univ., Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Jap<strong>an</strong>; 2 Lab. <strong>for</strong><br />

Biolinguisitics, RIKEN BSI, Wako, Jap<strong>an</strong><br />

Abstract: Birdsong has been studied as a biological model of hum<strong>an</strong> l<strong>an</strong>guage because <strong>the</strong><br />

process of song learning is similar to that of l<strong>an</strong>guage development. Usually, male songbirds<br />

learn <strong>the</strong>ir songs <strong>from</strong> <strong>an</strong> adult-male tutor when <strong>the</strong>y are young. Song learning consists of two<br />

phases: a memorization phase during <strong>the</strong> early developmental stage <strong>an</strong>d a sensorimotor phase<br />

after memorization. In contrast, <strong>the</strong> development of vocalization consists of three phases:<br />

subsong, plastic song, <strong>an</strong>d crystallized song. Both vocalization <strong>an</strong>d song learning depend on <strong>the</strong><br />

structure of <strong>the</strong> songbird brain, i.e., a set of neuronal nuclei.<br />

We sought to isolate song nuclei-specific genes using <strong>an</strong> in-house cDNA microarray <strong>an</strong>d<br />

identified several genes that were specifically expressed or repressed in <strong>the</strong> HVC compared to<br />

neighboring areas. Then, we examined <strong>the</strong> expression ch<strong>an</strong>ges in microarray-selected genes

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