University of Pardubice Jan Perner Transport Faculty Transport and ...
University of Pardubice Jan Perner Transport Faculty Transport and ...
University of Pardubice Jan Perner Transport Faculty Transport and ...
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Figure 13: Accessibility <strong>of</strong> different modes <strong>of</strong> transportation<br />
Source [47]<br />
Congestion<br />
The 21st century may be called the era <strong>of</strong> congestion. Traffic congestion is a condition on road<br />
networks that occurs as use increases, <strong>and</strong> is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times,<br />
<strong>and</strong> increased vehicular queuing. Although estimates are not precise, congestion costs Americans<br />
roughly $78 billion per year in today’s dollars <strong>and</strong> wastes 2.9 billion gallons <strong>of</strong> gasoline.<br />
Improved transportation system operations, high occupancy vehicle lanes, exp<strong>and</strong>ed public<br />
transit, <strong>and</strong> many other transportation dem<strong>and</strong> management strategies have hardly slowed the rate<br />
<strong>of</strong> increasing congestion. 46<br />
New road capacity will be needed in the rapidly growing metropolitan areas that are expected to<br />
accommodate tens <strong>of</strong> millions <strong>of</strong> new inhabitants in the next three to four decades. As the<br />
population continues to grow, transit becomes more cost-effective as population densities<br />
46 <strong>Transport</strong> <strong>and</strong> sustainability [online]. 2009 [cit.2012.05.19]. Found from:<br />
http://people.h<strong>of</strong>stra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch6en/conc6en/ch6c4en.html<br />
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