Paris School of Economics - L'Agence Française de Développement

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Mean life satisfaction Figure 11.C GDP per capita and Life Satisfaction 8 7 6 5 Source: Penn World Table 6.2. Taken from Deaton (2008), p.57. Each Doubling of GDP is Associated with a constant Increase in Life Satisfaction Zambia Nigeria Pakistan India Afghanistan 4 Bangladesh Cameroon Ethiopia Iraq Zimbabwe Georgia Burkina Faso Cambodia Chad Benin 3 Togo 625 1,250 2,500 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 Per capita GDP in 2003 Bulgaria Russia Latvia Note: Each circle is a country, with diameter proportional to population. The scale on the x-axis is logarithmic. The middle line shows average life satisfaction for each level of per capita GDP while the outer two lines show the same thing, but for two age groups, ages 15 to 25 – the upper line for most of the figure – and ages 60 and over – which is usually the lower line. GDP per capita in 2003 is measured in purchasing power parity chained dollars at 2000 prices. China December 2011 / Measure for Measure / How Well Do We Measure Development? / © AFD [ 111 ]
Figure GDP per capita in the 2000s and Life Satisfaction 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Source: WVS. 11.D 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 GDP per capita in constant 2000 dollars Satisfaction = 0.47 In(GDP) + 2.81; R2 = 0.51 Note: GDP and average satisfaction are calculated for the last available year for each country (spanning from 2001 to 2008). Development and the inequality of subjective well-being As a complement to the average incomeaverage happiness relationship, we have also looked at the relation between average life satisfaction scores and their standard deviation (treating well-being as a continuous variable). Cross-country analysis produces a striking observation: the higher the average national happiness, the lower the within-country standard deviation of happiness. As such, richer countries have both higher average scores and lower standard deviations of life satisfaction (Figure 12). This suggests one potentially important benefit of GDP growth for lowincome countries. If individuals are risk-averse, reducing the variance of SWB in a given society is a valuable objective of public policy. [ 112 ] © AFD / Measure for Measure / How Well Do We Measure Development? / December 2011
Page 1 and 2:
Measure for Measure How Well Do We
Page 3 and 4:
[ Disclaimer] Publications Director
Page 6 and 7:
Table of Contents Acknowledgements
Page 8 and 9:
Introduction François Bourguignon,
Page 10 and 11:
The 2010 UNDP report on human devel
Page 12:
1. Measuring Development: Different
Page 15 and 16:
More data, better data and a broade
Page 17 and 18:
•The PPPs are currently revised o
Page 19 and 20:
1.1. More data, better data: benefi
Page 21 and 22:
Organization undertakes the World P
Page 23 and 24:
able through the DHS system, as wel
Page 25 and 26:
1.2. The 2005 revision of the ICP a
Page 27 and 28:
international dollars. The line is
Page 29 and 30:
only thing that changes the counts
Page 31 and 32:
Table Countries 1 15 reference coun
Page 33 and 34:
y India and China, where about half
Page 35 and 36:
This is because the PWT uses a Gear
Page 37 and 38:
price level is the ratio of the pur
Page 39 and 40:
meeting the demands of disease and
Page 41 and 42:
In contrast to the calorie decline,
Page 43 and 44:
1.3.4. Asking about not having mone
Page 45 and 46:
Table 3 All countries Estimated num
Page 47 and 48:
1.4. From many to one: single index
Page 49 and 50:
expectancy and per capita income
Page 51 and 52:
DEATON, A. (2008), “Income, healt
Page 53 and 54:
STEVENSON, B. and J. WOLFERS (2008)
Page 56 and 57:
2. Multidimensional Poverty and its
Page 58 and 59:
dimensional Poverty Index. While th
Page 60 and 61:
erty in most countries, but is sign
Page 62 and 63: The first methodology in Figure 7 e
Page 64 and 65: more completely their characteristi
Page 66 and 67: 2.1.3. Unfolding M0 A relevant feat
Page 68 and 69: 2.2. One particular application of
Page 70 and 71: Whenever the poverty cutoff k requi
Page 72 and 73: deprivation in child mortality and
Page 74 and 75: 2.3. Research questions and debates
Page 76 and 77: Table Identification Method Union a
Page 78 and 79: There are three kinds of combinatio
Page 80 and 81: from different data sources; data f
Page 82 and 83: Because of its construction, analys
Page 84 and 85: 2.4. Concluding remarks This paper
Page 86 and 87: ATKINSON, A.B. and F. BOURGUIGNON (
Page 88 and 89: ERIKSON, R. (1993), "Descriptions o
Page 90 and 91: RAWLS, J. (1971), A theory of justi
Page 92 and 93: Comment: Multidimensional Poverty a
Page 94 and 95: Data Already existing surveys provi
Page 96: Taking a longer historical view und
Page 100 and 101: 3. Will GDP Growth Increase Subject
Page 102 and 103: political scientists. However, most
Page 104 and 105: instruments/instrument.php for a su
Page 106 and 107: • Life expectancy/income: “A pe
Page 108 and 109: clude that: “Overall, the average
Page 110 and 111: period. A similar graph appears in
Page 114 and 115: Figure 12 GDP, and the average and
Page 116 and 117: 3.1.2. The diminishing returns to i
Page 118 and 119: 3.1.3. “Rather than diminishing m
Page 120 and 121: 3.1.4. Is the time-series correlati
Page 122 and 123: Figure The happiness trend in Mexic
Page 124 and 125: A note on statistical power The dis
Page 126 and 127: Satisfaction Figure 15.B. Happiness
Page 128 and 129: Life Satisfaction Life Satisfaction
Page 130 and 131: Life Satisfaction 7.62 7.3 7.08 6.8
Page 132 and 133: insignificant in a well-being equat
Page 134 and 135: p.21). Whether the co-movements bet
Page 136 and 137: Mean happiness in survey (0-10 scal
Page 138 and 139: One important note that can be made
Page 140 and 141: well-being regressions in which bot
Page 142 and 143: and relative to the income they ear
Page 144 and 145: (2010), dummy variables for one’s
Page 146 and 147: 3.3.2 Adaptation Adaptation and the
Page 148 and 149: Knight and Gunatilaka (2009) is an
Page 150 and 151: Life expectancy at birth Infant mor
Page 152 and 153: Average number of children per woma
Page 154 and 155: Infant mortality per 1 ,000 live bi
Page 156 and 157: Trust 8 6 4 2 Evolution of trust We
Page 158 and 159: gradient across countries, if incom
Page 160 and 161: Table Last year Min. Max. Source Fi
Page 162 and 163:
The income-happiness nexus: sources
Page 164 and 165:
References AKAY, A. and P. MARTINSS
Page 166 and 167:
COJOCARU, A. (2010), “On relative
Page 168 and 169:
FREY, B.S. and A. STUTZER (2000),
Page 170 and 171:
MCBRIDE, M. (2001), “Relative-inc
Page 172 and 173:
Comment: Will GDP Growth Raise Well
Page 174 and 175:
is relatively uncontroversial as an
Page 176 and 177:
Again, perhaps one ought to advise
Page 178:
4. “Sustainable Growth”: Do We
Page 181 and 182:
ethical matter and needs to espouse
Page 183 and 184:
Adjacently but independently of the
Page 185 and 186:
4.1. National income and social wel
Page 187 and 188:
In 1970, William Nordhaus and James
Page 189 and 190:
4.2. The challenge of sustainabilit
Page 191 and 192:
nerable to uncontrollable diverging
Page 193 and 194:
The final goods and services genera
Page 195 and 196:
Since the variation of total real n
Page 197 and 198:
It is to be noted that the discount
Page 199 and 200:
This difference is such that the di
Page 201 and 202:
4.4. Sustainable growth: measuring
Page 203 and 204:
Human capital is embodied in people
Page 205 and 206:
Box 3 The notations have already be
Page 207 and 208:
4.5. Sustainable growth: measuring
Page 209 and 210:
the marginal utility of income and
Page 211 and 212:
non-felling of trees. This non-use
Page 213 and 214:
Box 4 Cost-benefit approach The fun
Page 215 and 216:
With respect to the exogenous techn
Page 217 and 218:
duced on the pollution permit marke
Page 219 and 220:
paths. The social discount rate is
Page 221 and 222:
should then be converted into econo
Page 223 and 224:
References AGHION, P., D. HEMOUS an
Page 225 and 226:
KRAVIS, I., A. HESTON and R. SUMMER
Page 227 and 228:
Comment: “Sustainable Growth: Do
Page 229 and 230:
sustainable policies. It seems very
Page 231 and 232:
References SHALIZI, Z. and F. LECOC
Page 234 and 235:
AFD Agence Française de Développe
Page 236:
Authors’ Biographies
Page 239 and 240:
een that of relative utility or com
Page 241 and 242:
What is AFD ? Agence Française de
show all

Paris School of Economics - L'Agence Française de Développement

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?