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Infant mortality per 1 ,000 live births Political rights 15 10 5 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The evolution of infant mortality Western countries with a positive growth of GDP in the period Australia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark Great Britain Finland France Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Spain Sweden Switzerland USA 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 Year Evolution of political rights Western countries with a positive growth of GDP in the period Australia Austria Belgium Denmark Great Britain Finland France Iceland Ireland Italy Netherlands Spain Switzerland 7-less political rights 1-more political rights (Freedom House) 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 Year December 2011 / Measure for Measure / How Well Do We Measure Development? / © AFD [ 153]
Gross enrolment rate in schools Democracy (imputed polity) 100 90 80 70 10 9.8 9.6 9.4 9.2 9 Evolution of the gross enrolment rate in schools Western countries with a positive growth of GDP in the period Australia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark Great Britain Finland France Iceland Ireland Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland USA 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 [ 154] © AFD / Measure for Measure / How Well Do We Measure Development? / December 2011 Year Evolution of democracy Western countries with a positive growth of GDP in the period Australia Austria Belgium Canada Denmark Great Britain Finland France Iceland Ireland Italy Malta Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland USA 0-less democratic 10-most democratic (Freedom House and Polity) 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 Year
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Measure for Measure How Well Do We
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[ Disclaimer] Publications Director
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Table of Contents Acknowledgements
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Introduction François Bourguignon,
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The 2010 UNDP report on human devel
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1. Measuring Development: Different
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More data, better data and a broade
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•The PPPs are currently revised o
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1.1. More data, better data: benefi
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Organization undertakes the World P
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able through the DHS system, as wel
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1.2. The 2005 revision of the ICP a
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international dollars. The line is
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only thing that changes the counts
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Table Countries 1 15 reference coun
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y India and China, where about half
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This is because the PWT uses a Gear
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price level is the ratio of the pur
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meeting the demands of disease and
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In contrast to the calorie decline,
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1.3.4. Asking about not having mone
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Table 3 All countries Estimated num
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1.4. From many to one: single index
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expectancy and per capita income
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DEATON, A. (2008), “Income, healt
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STEVENSON, B. and J. WOLFERS (2008)
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2. Multidimensional Poverty and its
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dimensional Poverty Index. While th
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erty in most countries, but is sign
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The first methodology in Figure 7 e
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more completely their characteristi
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2.1.3. Unfolding M0 A relevant feat
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2.2. One particular application of
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Whenever the poverty cutoff k requi
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deprivation in child mortality and
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2.3. Research questions and debates
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Table Identification Method Union a
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There are three kinds of combinatio
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from different data sources; data f
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Because of its construction, analys
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2.4. Concluding remarks This paper
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ATKINSON, A.B. and F. BOURGUIGNON (
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ERIKSON, R. (1993), "Descriptions o
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RAWLS, J. (1971), A theory of justi
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Comment: Multidimensional Poverty a
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Data Already existing surveys provi
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Taking a longer historical view und
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3. Will GDP Growth Increase Subject
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political scientists. However, most
Page 104 and 105: instruments/instrument.php for a su
Page 106 and 107: • Life expectancy/income: “A pe
Page 108 and 109: clude that: “Overall, the average
Page 110 and 111: period. A similar graph appears in
Page 112 and 113: Mean life satisfaction Figure 11.C
Page 114 and 115: Figure 12 GDP, and the average and
Page 116 and 117: 3.1.2. The diminishing returns to i
Page 118 and 119: 3.1.3. “Rather than diminishing m
Page 120 and 121: 3.1.4. Is the time-series correlati
Page 122 and 123: Figure The happiness trend in Mexic
Page 124 and 125: A note on statistical power The dis
Page 126 and 127: Satisfaction Figure 15.B. Happiness
Page 128 and 129: Life Satisfaction Life Satisfaction
Page 130 and 131: Life Satisfaction 7.62 7.3 7.08 6.8
Page 132 and 133: insignificant in a well-being equat
Page 134 and 135: p.21). Whether the co-movements bet
Page 136 and 137: Mean happiness in survey (0-10 scal
Page 138 and 139: One important note that can be made
Page 140 and 141: well-being regressions in which bot
Page 142 and 143: and relative to the income they ear
Page 144 and 145: (2010), dummy variables for one’s
Page 146 and 147: 3.3.2 Adaptation Adaptation and the
Page 148 and 149: Knight and Gunatilaka (2009) is an
Page 150 and 151: Life expectancy at birth Infant mor
Page 152 and 153: Average number of children per woma
Page 156 and 157: Trust 8 6 4 2 Evolution of trust We
Page 158 and 159: gradient across countries, if incom
Page 160 and 161: Table Last year Min. Max. Source Fi
Page 162 and 163: The income-happiness nexus: sources
Page 164 and 165: References AKAY, A. and P. MARTINSS
Page 166 and 167: COJOCARU, A. (2010), “On relative
Page 168 and 169: FREY, B.S. and A. STUTZER (2000),
Page 170 and 171: MCBRIDE, M. (2001), “Relative-inc
Page 172 and 173: Comment: Will GDP Growth Raise Well
Page 174 and 175: is relatively uncontroversial as an
Page 176 and 177: Again, perhaps one ought to advise
Page 178: 4. “Sustainable Growth”: Do We
Page 181 and 182: ethical matter and needs to espouse
Page 183 and 184: Adjacently but independently of the
Page 185 and 186: 4.1. National income and social wel
Page 187 and 188: In 1970, William Nordhaus and James
Page 189 and 190: 4.2. The challenge of sustainabilit
Page 191 and 192: nerable to uncontrollable diverging
Page 193 and 194: The final goods and services genera
Page 195 and 196: Since the variation of total real n
Page 197 and 198: It is to be noted that the discount
Page 199 and 200: This difference is such that the di
Page 201 and 202: 4.4. Sustainable growth: measuring
Page 203 and 204: Human capital is embodied in people
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Box 3 The notations have already be
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4.5. Sustainable growth: measuring
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the marginal utility of income and
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non-felling of trees. This non-use
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Box 4 Cost-benefit approach The fun
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With respect to the exogenous techn
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duced on the pollution permit marke
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paths. The social discount rate is
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should then be converted into econo
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References AGHION, P., D. HEMOUS an
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KRAVIS, I., A. HESTON and R. SUMMER
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Comment: “Sustainable Growth: Do
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sustainable policies. It seems very
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References SHALIZI, Z. and F. LECOC
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AFD Agence Française de Développe
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Authors’ Biographies
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een that of relative utility or com
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What is AFD ? Agence Française de
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