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TABLE 5.2 Complementary reforms (continued) Policy objectives Short term Medium term (one to two years) (one to five years) Strengthening market forces Product and lobor morket liberolization * Remove remaining producer and distribution * Study intemational experience with retraining * Ensure that factor prices and markets are price controls; export controls. and vocational programs. flexible so that labor and capital can flow to the * Continue price increases for utilities, services. * Prepare policy options to facilitate labor mobility. most productive sectors. * Reassess cereal price support policies and meat * Establish a land market, provide legally binding * The pnce system must function to transmit and milk subsidies. bnd and property tides. critical information to the market * Adjust labor laws to facilitae hiring and firing of * Functioning land, real estate markets. workers; reduce costs of lay-offs for economic reasons. Financiol sector reform * Liberalization of interest rates; development of Expand privabzation program to increase supply * Stable development and smooth functioning of secondary market for fixed income securities (T-bills, of stocks. stock and bond markets. corporate bonds). - Restructure insurance and pension funds * For banking sector, ensure a policy * Remove obstacles to the functioning of * Divestiture and transfer of control of public environment that promotes competition, settlement system and procedures. sector banks. improves efficiency and perfom-ance, reduces the * Remove fiscal distorton that encourages over- * Regulatory reform to enable the restructuring or costs of financing and increases national savings. subscription in IPOs. * Ensure level-playing field, expand freedom of entry into banking activities and remove obstacles to growth for existing financial institutions. reorientabon of development banks. Refocusing the role of the state Education policies * Strengthen pedagogical training of teachers; make * Monitor performance with national exams, * Priority use of public financing to ensure teachers accountable for student success; expand following intemational standards. universal literacy, numeracy and coherent social, use of educational technology; abolish selective * Restructure state controlled vocational training cultural values. Achieve high completon rates of examinations. centers-close some, transfer control to private basic education (nine years) and higher enrollment * Provide adult educaion centers for drop-outs; sector; expand voucher schemes; generalize dual in upper secondary education to strengthen the reinforce education campaigns, especially for training; placement and recycling program. skills and adaptability of workforce. females; target financial assistance to poor. * Introduce private provision of higher education * Higher education should respond to market * Institute cost recovery for higher educabon; (in conjunction with foreign universities). driven demand with a financing structure that Target financial assistance based on both the accompanied by state supervisory policies. reflects high private retums. economic needs of the country and financial needs * Vocational training demand-driven, providing of poorer families. skills needed in the market. * Institute a voucher system enabling individuals to select private vocational training; promote publicprivate cooperation, management and financing, and monitor employment success rates. Health core * Limit free or subsidized care to needy. * Improve state supervision, regulatory policies. * Promote quality services and equitable access * Increase user fees and CNSS payments; privatize * Public funds mainly for preventive care, and ensure a financially sound system which some services; popubtion control, target financial assistance. promotes the efficient use of resources. * Link pension and healh insurance benefits with contributions. 58 TuNisM's GLOBAL INTEGRATION AND SusTAINABLE DEVELOPMEN STRATEGIC CHOICES FOR THE 21sT CENTURY
Selected Bibliography Working papers Barro, Robert, and Jong-Wha Lee. 1993. "International Comparisons of Education Attainment." Journal of Monetary Bouzaher, Aziz, and Sarah Forster. 1995. 'Economic Growth and Economics. 32: 363-94. Envirornmental Sustainabiity in Tunisia: Linkages and Barro, R., and X Sala-i-Martin. 1995. Economic Growth. New Implication." World Bank, Middle East and North Africa York: McGraw-Hill. Technical Department, Environment Division, Washington, Bell, M., and K Pavitt. 1992. "Accumulating Technological D.C. Capability in Developing Countries." In Laurence H. Summers Brun, Richard, and Laura Burakreis. 1995. 'Financial Sector in and Shekar Shah, eds., Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Tunisia." World Bank, Middle East and North Africa Country Conference on Development Economics. Washington, D.C.: Department 1, Private Sector Dev., Finance and Infrastructure World Bank. Division and Country Operations Division, Washington, D.C. Blanchard, Olivier, and Stanley Fischer. 1989. Lectures on Felah, Fatma. 1994. "The Role and Activities of Offshore Macroeconomics. MIT Press. Cambridge, Mass. Companies in the Tunisian Economy" Program Officer for Cambridge Strategic Management Group. 1995. "Consequences Bank activities based in Tunis. World Bank, Middle East and of Current Telecommunications Trends in the Competitiveness North Africa Country Department 1, Country Operations of Developing Countries." Cambridge, Mass. Division, Washington, D.C. November. Central Bank of Tunisia. Various issues. Quarterly Report. Hakirn, Gulllermo. 1995. "Labor Policies." World Bank, Middle Statitiques Financires. Tunis. Eat and North Africa Country Deparment 1, Human . Various years. Rapports AnnueLs. Statistiques Financieres. Resources Division, Washington, D.C. Tunis. Lahouel, Mohamed. 1995. "Competition Policies." University of Dahlman, Carl. 1994a. "Technology Strategy in East Asian Tunis, Department of Economics. Tunis. Developing Countries." World Bank. Mexico Resident Lakhoua, Faycal, Dr. 1995. "Role de l'Etat dans l'Economie.' Mission. University of Tunis, Deparment of Economics, Tunis. Apri. . 1994b. "Technology, Development, and the Role of the Mink, Stephen. 1994. "Agriculture Sector: Strengthening the Role World Bank." World Bank. Mexico Resident Mission. of Market Forces to Enhance Efficency" World Bank, Middle Easterly, Wiliam. 1993. "How Much Do Distortions Affect East and North Africa Country Department 1, Natural Growth?" Journal of Monetary Economics (December). Resources and Environment Division, Washington, D.C. Ernst, U., H. Trad, E. Dey 1994. "Strengthening Tunisia's Debt Mulatu, Meskerem. 1995. "The Development of Human Capital. Management System." Abt Associates, Inc. July. (USAID Draft Report. World Bank, Middle East and North Africa Country Depart'cnt ., Human Resources Division, Consultant's Report.) FIAS (Foreign Investrnent Advisory Service). 1995. 'Tunisie: La Washington, D.C. Promotion des investissements etrangers." International Rama, Martin. 1995. "Notes on the Tunisian Labor Market." Finance Corporation/World Bank. Washington, D.C. World Bank, Policy Research Department, Poverty and Human Fischer, Stanley 1993. "he Role of Macroeconomics Factors in Resources Division, Was.gton, D.C. SIDES.1994'Infastructur , Base.' Consu g F Tunis. Growth." Journal of Monetary Economics (December). Freeman, C. 1992. "Technical Change and Future Trends in the December. World Economy." Paper presented at OECD Seminar, Paris. Frischtak, Claudio, and Richard Newfarmer. 1992. "Foreign Investment, Market Structure, and Industrial Performance." December. World Bank, Industry Series Paper No. 69. D.C. Other papers and publications Washington, Barro, Robert. 1990. "Government Spending in a Simple Model Galal, Ahmed, and others. 1994. Welfare Consequences of Selling Public Enterprises. New York: Oxford University Press. of Endogenous Growth." Journal of Political Economy, Galal, Ahmed, and Mary Shirley. 1995. 'Bureaucrats in Business: October, supplement. The Economics and Politics of Government Ownership." DEC - . 1991. "Economic Growth in a Cross Section of Policy Research Report. April. Draft report. Countries." Quarterly Journal of Economics (May). GAT. 1994. "rade Policy Review Mechanism for Tunisia." Geneva. 59
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public
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Copyright i 1996 The International
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Education policies 20 Basic educati
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2.4 Demand for telephone connection
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Acknowledgments The report is a pro
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STIL Soci&e Tunisienne d'Industrial
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Executive summary Elements of Tunis
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ments and controlling the expansion
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Progress in strengthening market fo
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investment banking, restructure som
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Chapter 1 Macroeconomic policy The
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Box .I Monetary policy Instruments,
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TALE 1.3 Main monetary Indicators 1
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Page 33 and 34: was actually higher than that for t
Page 35: public banks and enterprises reveal
Page 38 and 39: (10 percent), and Malaysia (12 perc
Page 40 and 41: Infrastructure services: Provision
Page 42 and 43: on a pilot basis and is studying th
Page 44 and 45: or in the public sector. The Bank i
Page 46 and 47: onmental issues and their relation
Page 48 and 49: several industrial zones. Despite t
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Page 52 and 53: also showed high effective rates of
Page 54 and 55: try an opportunity to accelerate a
Page 56 and 57: BOX 3.2 Free trade zones: Maximizin
Page 58 and 59: largest share of total employment (
Page 60 and 61: encouraging results and provides us
Page 62 and 63: ill market and to modernize the leg
Page 64 and 65: price/earnings ratio of about 25 in
Page 66 and 67: achieve their intended objectives i
Page 68 and 69: TABLE 4.2 crisis brought about an 7
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Page 72 and 73: ented economy The growth of exports
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Page 78 and 79: TABLE 5.1 Poky otfecdt Short term M
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Page 84 and 85: Statistical Annex TABLE SA. I Exter
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Page 88 and 89: TABLE Sk6 GNP, output, and governme
Page 90 and 91: TABLE SA.8 Money, credit, prices, a
Page 92 and 93: TABLE SA IO Key economic variables,
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