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She recommends the use of chloropicrin
and 1.3-dichloropropene together
in Telone© C-35 to reduce the bacterium
populations in the soil.
“In sites with a history of high crown
gall incidence, fumigation with Telone
C-35 followed by chloropicrin combined
with extensive gall removal from the soil
should be considered,” Pope added.
To kill the roots, nematodes, and other
pests and diseases in trees ready
for removal and the soil around
them, she suggests the use of
both a fumigant and herbicide.
“During the month of October,
cut trees a few feet above
the ground and within five
minutes paint the stump with
straight undiluted Garlona3A
or a 1:3 mixture of Garlona3A and MorAct
or equivalent surfactant,” Pope said. “Leave
painted stumps in place for at least 60 days.
This time is necessary to allow herbicide
to fully circulate and kill as many roots as
possible.”
Additional information on this approach
can be found at http://ucanr.edu/
datastoreFiles/391-53.pdf.
When replanting a walnut orchard, Pope
advises replanting on an appropriate
rootstock.
“Clonal Paradox rootstocks have
different strengths and weaknesses,” she
said.
Because some nematodes may survive
the soil preparation and sanitation
process, VX211, which has shown “some
tolerance” to nematodes, it makes sense
as the rootstock of choice for the subsequent
orchard, Pope says.
“If there is high crown gall pressure,
RX1, which showed ‘moderate
resistance’ to crown gall, would be a
prudent choice,” she added.
The following table provided by
Pope, based on data from ongoing
University of California (UC) and
United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA)/Agricultural Research
Service (ARS) trials, for preferred
rootstocks for problem situations in
replanting walnut orchards:
Clonal Paradox Rootstock Rootstock Vigor Site Problems-Resistance level
Crown Gall Nematodes Phytophthora/Wet conditions
VX211 Highly vigorous Low Some Low
RX 1 Moderate vigor Moderate Intolerant Moderate to High
Vlach Vigorous Low Intolerant Low
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14 West Coast Nut December 2017