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Routledge dictionary of language and linguistics - Developers

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Dictionary <strong>of</strong> <strong>language</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>linguistics</strong> 664<br />

Journals<br />

Glotta<br />

Latinitas<br />

Probus<br />

classification <strong>of</strong> <strong>language</strong>s, Indo-European, Romance <strong>language</strong>s<br />

Latin-Faliscan Italic<br />

Latvian<br />

Baltic <strong>language</strong> with approx. 1.5 million speakers in Latvia. Religious literature dates to<br />

the Reformation, secular literature exists since the eighteenth century. The orthography is<br />

based on the Latin alphabet with diacritic marks, including , , , . Stress on<br />

the first syllable. Long <strong>and</strong> short vowels with distinctive intonation (including glottal<br />

narrowing) even after the accented syllable. Complex morphology. No distinction<br />

between singular <strong>and</strong> plural in the third person verb forms, as in Lithuanian.<br />

References<br />

Endzelīns, J. 1951. Latviėšu valodas gramatika. Riga.<br />

——1922. Lettische Grammatik. Riga.<br />

Eiche, A. 1983. Latvian declinable <strong>and</strong> indeclinable participles: their syntactic function, frequency<br />

<strong>and</strong> modality. Stockholm.<br />

Fennel, T.G. <strong>and</strong> H.Gelsen. 1980. A grammar <strong>of</strong> modern Latvian. The Hague.<br />

Mülenbachs, K. 1923–1932. Latviešu valodas vār . Redigējis, papildinājis, turpinājis<br />

J.Endzelīns. 4 vols. Riga (Repr. Chicago 1953). Vols. 5 <strong>and</strong> 6: J.Endzelīns <strong>and</strong> E.Hauzenberga.<br />

1934–46. Papildinājumi un labojumi K. Latviešu valodas vārdnīcai. Riga (Repr.<br />

Chicago 1956).<br />

Mūsdienu latviešu literārās valodas gramatika. 1959/62. 2 vols. Riga.<br />

, V. 1977. The st<strong>and</strong>ardization process in Latvian: sixteenth century to the present.<br />

Stockholm.<br />

Dictionaries<br />

Latviešu literās valodas vārdnīca. 1972. Vol. 6 1986. Riga.<br />

Latviešu valodas vārdnīca. 1987. Riga.<br />

Metuzāle-Kangere, B. 1985. A derivational <strong>dictionary</strong> <strong>of</strong> Latvian. Latviešu valodas atvasiknājumu<br />

vārdnīca. Hamburg.

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