I and A Mag Oct19

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Flu and the Flu Vaccine MYTHS AND FACTS Flu isn’t new and neither is the flu vaccine – yet every year, come flu season, there’s confusion about them. Let’s set things straight… The flu or a cold? Myth: Colds can’t make you feel really ill, give you a temperature or make your muscles ache. That’s flu. While colds generally don’t confine you to the couch, a heavy, streaming cold can make you feel very poorly – and colds can cause muscle aches and a raised temperature. To distinguish more accurately between a cold and the flu: • Consider how quickly it’s come on. A cold usually starts gradually, whereas flu symptoms come on rapidly. • Consider all your symptoms. A cold mainly affects your nose and throat, whereas flu can cause diarrhoea, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting alongside nose and throat symptoms. It also causes fatigue, lack of appetite and difficulty sleeping. Children with flu are prone to ear pain too. In healthy adults, flu doesn’t usually pose a serious health risk and they recover in a week or two, although some strains (such as some swine and avian flus) are more dangerous. However, for certain groups, flu can pose a more serious risk. Preventing flu Proper hygiene is very important in preventing the spread of flu (and many other infections), so flu sufferers should wash their hands thoroughly and regularly, and bin their used tissues straight away. Some people need the protection of the flu vaccine. The NHS recommends the flu vaccine and offers it free to people at higher risk of catching flu and/or developing serious complications. This includes anyone who: • Is 65 or over (you’re eligible for the flu vaccine this year, 2019/20, if you were born on or before 31 March 1955). • Is pregnant (flu can cause serious complications such as pneumonia, particularly in the later stages, and may also result in premature birth or low birthweight). The flu vaccine also protects the baby in its first few months of life. • Has certain medical conditions, including: chronic (long-term) respiratory diseases, such as asthma (which requires an inhaled or tablet steroid treatment or has led to hospital admission in the past); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema or bronchitis; chronic heart disease, such as heart failure; chronic kidney disease; chronic liver disease, such as hepatitis; chronic neurological conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease, motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), learning disability or cerebral palsy; diabetes; spleen issues (e.g. sickle cell disease or if you’ve had your spleen removed); a weakened immune system (due to HIV, AIDS, or medication such as steroids or chemotherapy); severe obesity (BMI of 40 or above). • Is living in a long-stay residential care home or facility. • Receives a carer’s allowance or is the main carer for an elderly or disabled person whose welfare may be at risk if they fall ill. • Is a child: healthy children under the age of five are more likely to be admitted to hospital with flu than any other age group. Children aged two and three years on 31 August 2019 should be offered a vaccination and the nasal spray vaccine is offered yearly in primary school. Children over six months old with a long-term health condition should also be vaccinated. The flu vaccine is also recommended for front-line health and social care workers, whose employers should pay for the vaccination. About the flu vaccine Fact: You may still catch the flu if you’re vaccinated. Flu vaccines are produced in advance, so experts have to predict the three or four flu strains that will be prevalent during the next winter. This means there’s a slim chance you may catch an unexpected or rarer flu strain. However, the vaccine will protect you from most strains you’ll encounter, and by reducing the risk of catching flu, it also helps to prevent flu spreading. The best time to be vaccinated is before the start of the flu season, which runs from December to March. Adults and children aged between six months and two years who are eligible for the vaccine will usually receive the injectable version, while children between two and seventeen are normally given the nasal spray. Myth: The flu vaccine can give you flu. This is impossible, as the vaccine doesn’t contain active viruses, but it may cause a temperature and muscle aches for a while, and the injection site can be sore. Flu-like symptoms may be from another virus – or it may be that you’d caught the flu before your vaccination, or before it’s taken effect. It takes 10- 14 days for immunity to kick in. Treating the flu Flu is caused by a virus, not bacteria, so antibiotics won’t help. If you do catch flu, get plenty of rest and stay warm and hydrated. Paracetamol or ibuprofen will help to lower your temperature and ease aching. Remember that flu medications may also contain these as ingredients, so read medication leaflets carefully to avoid overdosing. See your doctor if symptoms don’t improve after a week, or immediately if you’re vulnerable due to a medical condition, pregnancy or age. by Alison Runham 52
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