lt tDrtrcnr or Eleiro.ics, Td@6o!!iolio, & ttior.di.rl E.linerttrg
lt tDrtrcnr or Eleiro.ics, Td@6o!!iolio, & ttior.di.rl E.linerttrg
lt tDrtrcnr or Eleiro.ics, Td@6o!!iolio, & ttior.di.rl E.linerttrg
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
3tu8 quadEri€lly a rhe nunb.. <strong>or</strong> pB r.usisroA inc:ru [r,tl. Thc dchy <strong>or</strong>a<br />
n.r @ bc impbved by .voi<strong>di</strong>ng tong equcnccs of p6s traNino6 lnd using eme<br />
bu,icu ins@d. sircc the delay thrcush a numbo <strong>or</strong> bulls sbs tina,ry.<br />
Filuc 1,12 shows rso qanptes f<strong>or</strong> rcqring . rw<strong>or</strong>qminat ncl using r nrixture <strong>or</strong><br />
pas tft$isr<strong>or</strong> hd bufered swirches. Using rh. Etn<strong>or</strong>c detay oodct.lh. dc !y oirhc<br />
n t in Figurc3.|2(a) is |.375ns. tloncofrh.posrEnsist<strong>or</strong>switch*is Epte.db,!<br />
bur€r, rs 3hoN. in Figurc l_ t 2 {b), lh.n th. d.tay dc.€as b L l2tB.<br />
IIIII<br />
(!)rb<strong>or</strong>Ddf,l.r1afi<br />
figrr 3.1 l: Er.D0l6 ol muliiS ue !6 tptrsilr<strong>or</strong> ard bur.,.rt $itct<br />
On€ sat in lhich long s€quocG of pss t6.shr<strong>or</strong> sNilchcs sn b. .voidcd is b,<br />
colntirrglhc nunbq olpastmnsisloF used ro rclch a particu<strong>lt</strong>r @uring rcsourcc ed<br />
add nslhccotrn inlo lhe cosr ru.crion ued byrhe rourerin Equrtion O,l) Vhm rhe<br />
nunbd <strong>or</strong> p.$ r6osisto6 g@ws lar8e, fi.con ofrhe cuF. pdh *i b.coEe v.ry<br />
cxFrriv.. calsin8 rhe ourr ro rry b ri.d ! pdh ihd u5 a buficrcd @urcc. TtE<br />
numb€r <strong>or</strong> p.$ tr.Bislou rh,r aE i. . *qocn@ is squaEd, lik lhc Eth<strong>or</strong>c d.tat,<br />
b€causc this is NoN @lislic rhd simplycounrinS pa$ uansisrou.<br />
Flgure l.l2 shows ai example ofhos deswirch counr is calcutared &ch squene<br />
of p.$ t&sist<strong>or</strong> swircb.s. spard.d by at lcasr onc bulier, is counrcd and squaEd.<br />
W. d.fin. Swarctcoun(n) 6 rh. $m ol th. nonbd of pas lmsisr.4 in dcn<br />
$qNE squs!. uscd b 6h noa" , W. "aa m S*;r"t'C-m ro t4rhn O. | ) s:
Change language