Janoschka magazine Linked_V5_2020

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26 i n s i g h t s PET Polyethylene terephthalate HDPE Polyethylene high density pvc Polyvinyl chloride LDPE Polyethylene low density PP Polypropylene e.g. food bottles, polyester fibers, foils, food packaging e.g. pipes for gas and drinking water, detergent containers, plastic bottles e.g. boots, shower curtains, window frames, pipes, electrical cables, leatherette e.g. plastic bags, cling film, garbage bags, tubes, milk carton coatings e.g. food packaging, DVD cases, interior panels, bumpers, child seats Plastic: theory and practice Yet nowadays plastic as a packaging material needn’t be ashamed of itself. The use of ever thinner materials has brought about major reductions in the volume of waste. What is more, if the packaging is made of only one substance (mono-material) such as pure polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), then repeated recycling is already on the horizon. Nevertheless, the reality to date is that environmental aspects tend to play a secondary role when packaging materials are selected. And in purely economic terms, recycling is often not worthwhile. Although plastics can theoretically be reused five or six times, they are often used only once. One of the reasons for this is that they are comprised of too many different materials. The packages used for sliced meats or cheese, for instance, may well be made of up to eight different plastics, and no sorting facility is going to be able to separate those from each other in a cost-effective manner. Not least because many of them are still composite materials. While the layperson sees them simply as thin plastic film, in fact they are comprised of many different layers, each of them only a few micrometres thick, which in combination serve a whole host of functions. But even mono-materials present a major challenge, especially as different countries have different standards for defining them. In Sweden, they may contain up to 50 per cent of other materials and still be categorised as a mono-material, but in many other European countries the proportion of the main material has to be 50 to 85 per cent. The United States also uses the 85 per cent threshold as a guideline. In Germany, by contrast, a packaging material only counts as a monomaterial if the main material comprises at least 95 per cent of the total. In the future, deciding which packaging material to use will involve honestly weighing up the pros and
issue #5 © l i n k e d 27 PS Polystyrene e.g. food packaging, polystyrene packaging, insulation others Various Plastics e.g. toys, cases, DVDs, clothing, ropes, parachutes, toothbrushes, casing of electrical appliances A world without plastic? Hard to imagine, isn’t it? Your day starts with a plastic alarm clock. Then you take a shower using shampoo out of a bottle that wouldn’t even exist without plastic any more than the water pipes would. Then there’s the plastic steering wheel in your car, your plastic jogging shirt, desk and telephone. You round off the day watching a plastic TV, eating snacks out of a plastic container. Before bed you brush your teeth with a plastic toothbrush. cons and analysing all the follow-on costs of a given product as well as providing consumers with more information. Without this information, consumers are unable to make purchasing decisions based on the sustainability of a product. What we need are new solutions for different kinds of mono-plastics as well as entirely novel solutions for paper and cardboard packaging. If packaging material is to be recycled, the quality of the so-called recyclate – i.e. the granules of recyclable plastic – will need to be improved. One way of doing this is to ensure that overprints can be separated from the basic material as easily as possible. Currently, new solutions and processes for de-inking – i.e. dissolving the printing ink out of the packaging material – are being developed and tested. For printed paper, de-inking is already an established industrial process. For plastic, it is currently not yet available on an industrial scale. But even today, high-quality recyclate is already a scarce commodity, and demand is likely to increase considerably in the future. We don’t need to be soothsayers to realise that since de-inking is a key technology for obtaining highquality recyclate, we can expect major technical advances in this area in the near future. The crowning achievement – Frosch washing liquid, the frog "king" Reverse engineering means starting at the end of a product cycle and thinking backwards. In other words, starting with the question of what properties does a piece of used packaging have to have in order to be recycled into a raw material of virtually the same quality as the original material? This packet of washing liquid is composed of 100% recyclable mono-material. Even the de-inking problem has already been solved, because the printing is not on the packaging itself but on a thin banderol of the same material that can be peeled off and hence separated during the recycling process. This especially sustainable solution won the company a World- Star Award in <strong>2020</strong> and the German Packaging Prize in 2019.
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Page 6 and 7: 6 i n s i g h t s a magical mystery
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Page 12 and 13: 12 i n s i g h t s adrianlander.com
Page 14 and 15: 14 i n s i g h t s How a beetle pai
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Page 18 and 19: 18 i n s i g h t s The "Black Marke
Page 20 and 21: 20 i n s i g h t s www.anishkapoor.
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