Synthesis, Characterization, and Gas Permeation Properties

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106 Dendronization of Ethyl Cellulose based on ethyl cellulose. The complete substitution of the residual hydroxy protons of ethyl cellulose (1; DSEt, 2.69) by the dendritic moieties has been demonstrated by 1 H NMR and is evidenced by the elemental analysis. The G1-derivatized polymers (2a–c) displayed better organosolubility than that of G2-derivatized ones (3a–c), however, all of the dendron-functionalized polymers were soluble in chloroform and methanol. The dendronization of ethyl cellulose accompanied the retention of thermal stability and the lowering of glass transition temperature. G1-appended polymers (2a–c) afforded free-standing membranes, exhibiting decrement in density and FFV, hence low gas permeability as compared to 1. The decrease in the gas permeability was investigated to arise from the attenuation in the gas diffusion and solubility coefficients, presumably ensuing from the decreased FFV and hindered local mobility in the polymer matrix. The improved separation performance was discerned for He/N2, H2/N2, CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas pairs. References and Notes 1. (a) Boas, U.; Christensen, J. B.; Heegaard, P. M. H. Dendrimers in Medicine and Biotechnology: New Molecular Tools; Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2006. (b) Lee, C. C.; MacKay, J. A.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Szoka, F. C. Nat. Biotech. 2005, 23, 1517–1526. (c) Tomalia, D. A.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2005, 30, 217–219. (d) Tomalia, D. A. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2005, 30, 294–324. (e) Liang, C.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2005, 30, 385–402. (f) Jiang, D.-L.; Aida, T. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2005, 30, 403–422. (g) Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 2003, 201, 11–22. (h) Newkome, G. R.; Moorefield, C. N.; Vögtle, F. Dendrimers, 2nd ed.; Wiley: Chichester, 2001. (i) Gestermann, S.; Hesse, R.; Windisch, B.; Vögtle, F. In Stimulating Concepts in Chemistry; Vögtle, F., Stoddart, J. F., Shibasaki, M. Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2000; pp 187–198. (j) Archut, A.; Vögtle, F. In Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology; Nalwa, H. S. Eds.; Academic Press: San Diego, 2000; pp 333–374. (k) Janssen, H. M.; Meijer, E. W. In Materials Science and Technology; Schlüter, A. D. Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 1999; pp 403–458. (l) Tomalia, D. A.; Esfand, R. Chem. & Ind. 1997, 416–420. 2. (a) Percec, V. Philos. Trans. Series A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 2006, 364,
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Ga
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Table of Contents General Introduct
Page 5 and 6:
General Introduction cellulose deri
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General Introduction biogenetically
Page 9 and 10:
General Introduction chemistry offe
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General Introduction solution-diffu
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General Introduction A simplified t
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General Introduction been observed
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polymers. 41,46 General Introductio
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General Introduction Keeping in vie
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General Introduction the derivatize
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General Introduction strategy (G1-a
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General Introduction In conclusion,
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General Introduction 5. (a) Kobayas
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General Introduction 15. (a) Goetma
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General Introduction American Chemi
Page 33 and 34:
General Introduction Macromolecules
Page 35 and 36:
Silylation of Ethyl Cellulose Intro
Page 37 and 38:
Silylation of Ethyl Cellulose milli
Page 39 and 40:
Silylation of Ethyl Cellulose chlor
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Silylation of Ethyl Cellulose Resul
Page 43 and 44:
Silylation of Ethyl Cellulose Solub
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Silylation of Ethyl Cellulose 1.034
Page 47 and 48:
Silylation of Ethyl Cellulose poly(
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Silylation of Ethyl Cellulose the r
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Silylation of Ethyl Cellulose D.; Y
Page 53 and 54:
Chapter 2 51 Chapter 2 Synthesis, C
Page 55 and 56:
53 Chapter 2 are few and far betwee
Page 57 and 58: 55 Chapter 2 constant volume/variab
Page 59 and 60: 57 Chapter 2 Membrane Density. Memb
Page 61 and 62: 59 Chapter 2 IR spectrum of 1 (Figu
Page 63 and 64: 61 Chapter 2 1,3-bis(trifluoromethy
Page 65 and 66: 63 Chapter 2 The increase in the po
Page 67 and 68: 65 Chapter 2 other fluorinated poly
Page 69 and 70: 67 Chapter 2 of the gas permeabilit
Page 71 and 72: 69 Chapter 2 Gas Diffusivity and So
Page 73 and 74: 71 Chapter 2 mobility of the perflu
Page 75 and 76: 73 Chapter 2 1325-1329. (b) Hamza,
Page 77 and 78: Chapter 3 75 Chapter 3 Synthesis an
Page 79 and 80: 77 Chapter 3 cost, and above all ap
Page 81 and 82: 79 Chapter 3 molecular weights (Mn
Page 83 and 84: 81 Chapter 3 1.99-2.07 (m, 2H, (CH3
Page 85 and 86: 83 Chapter 3 25 °C, ppm): 11.9, 13
Page 87 and 88: 85 Chapter 3 38.1, 44.7, 46.8, 47.9
Page 89 and 90: 87 Chapter 3 CH2CH2C(=O)O), 2.50-4.
Page 91 and 92: 89 Chapter 3 1091, 1053, 853, 806,
Page 93 and 94: 91 Chapter 3 dendrons (G1-a-ІІ-G1
Page 95 and 96: 93 Chapter 3 (DMAP) as a base, as s
Page 97 and 98: Figure 3. FTIR spectra of 1, 2c, an
Page 99 and 100: 97 Chapter 3 (partly soluble) and 3
Page 101 and 102: 99 Chapter 3 increased polarity of
Page 103 and 104: 101 Chapter 3 that of 1, and approx
Page 105 and 106: 103 Chapter 3 derivatization per th
Page 107: 105 Chapter 3 (2a-c) were in the or
Page 111 and 112: 109 Chapter 3 17. van Krevelen, D.
Page 113 and 114: Chapter 4 111 Chapter 4 Synthesis,
Page 115 and 116: 113 Chapter 4 Since, no significant
Page 117 and 118: 115 Chapter 4 Materials. Ethyl cell
Page 119 and 120: DStotal = DSEt + DSCarb (for 1a and
Page 121 and 122: 119 Chapter 4 Figure 2. 1 H NMR spe
Page 123 and 124: 121 Chapter 4 ruling out the possib
Page 125 and 126: 123 Chapter 4 t-butyl moiety. A str
Page 127 and 128: 125 Chapter 4 reported to lead to t
Page 129 and 130: 127 Chapter 4 Table 4. Gas Permeabi
Page 131 and 132: 129 Chapter 4 augmentation in eithe
Page 133 and 134: 131 Chapter 4 indicate the signific
Page 135 and 136: 133 Chapter 4 M.-R. J. Appl. Polym.
Page 137 and 138: Chapter 5 135 Chapter5 Synthesis an
Page 139 and 140: 137 Chapter5 acid- and peptide-cont
Page 141 and 142: 139 Chapter5 Specific rotations ([
Page 143 and 144: 141 Chapter5 1.66 (brs, 1.1H, NHCH(
Page 145 and 146: 143 Chapter5 as shown in Scheme 1,
Page 147 and 148: 145 Chapter5 in Table 1. The molecu
Page 149 and 150: 147 Chapter5 almost same pattern of
Page 151 and 152: Conclusions Table 3. Thermal Proper
Page 153 and 154: 151 Chapter5 W.; Jing, X. J. Polym.
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 5 Synthesis and Properties
Page 157 and 158: Acknowledgments While submitting th
Page 159:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Ga
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