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Insurance and Interconnectedness in the Financial Services Industry

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are <strong>in</strong>put variables. However, <strong>the</strong>re are stopp<strong>in</strong>g rules based on <strong>the</strong> percentage of total variation<br />

expla<strong>in</strong>ed by components.<br />

We decompose <strong>the</strong> covariance matrix of monthly portfolio returns us<strong>in</strong>g pr<strong>in</strong>cipal components<br />

analysis. For example, if <strong>the</strong> first K pr<strong>in</strong>cipal components expla<strong>in</strong> most of <strong>the</strong> variability <strong>in</strong> returns, <strong>the</strong><br />

model is:

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