Septoria and Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals - CIMMYT ...

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y volume of production. Germplasm generated for a given ME is useful throughout that environment, accommodating major stresses but perhaps not all the significant secondary stresses. Within an ME, millions of hectares are addressed with a certain degree of homogeneity as relates to wheat. By 1993, 12 ME had been defined, 6 for spring wheats (ME1-ME6), 3 for facultative wheats (ME7-ME9), and 3 for winter wheats (ME9-ME12). Details of each ME are given in Table 2. Table 2. Classification of megaenvironments (MEs) used by the CIMMYT Wheat Program. Historical Aspects and Future Challenges of an International Wheat Program 3 Use of diverse genepools to maintain genetic diversity Recent surveys conducted by the CIMMYT Economics Program have found that 58% of all wheat varieties in developing countries derive from CIMMYT germplasm; this percentage rises to more than 80%, if varieties with parents of CIMMYT origin are also included (Table 1). This spectacular success puts an enormous burden on CIMMYT to continually diversify its germplasm base for resistance and stability parameters. Broad-based plant germplasm resources are imperative for a sound and successful breeding program. Utmost attention is given to the genetic diversity within CIMMYT germplasm to minimize the risk of genetic vulnerability, since it is grown on large areas and is widely used by national programs. I believe that the use of genetically diverse material is mandatory to increase yield potential and yield stability in the future. In any year 500-800 parental lines are considered for crossing. Major Representative Year breeding Area Moisture Temperature Growth breeding locations/ began at ME Latitudea (m ha) b regimec regimed habit Sowne objectivesf, g regions CIMMYT SPRING WHEAT 1 Low 32.0 Low rainfall, Temperate Spring A Resistance to Yaqui Valley, 1945 irrigated lodging, SR, LR, YR Mexico; Indus Valley, Pakistan; Gangetic Valley, India; Nile Valley, Egypt 2 Low 10.0 High rainfall Temperate Spring A As for ME1 + North African 1972 resistance to Coast, Highlands of YR, Septoria East Africa, Andes, spp., sprouting and Mexico 3 Low 1.7 High rainfall Temperate Spring A As for ME2 + Passo Fundo, 1974 acid soil tolerance Brazil 4A Low 10.0 Low rainfall, Temperate Spring A Resistance to Aleppo, Syria; 1974 winter drought, Settat, Morocco dominant Septoria spp., YR 4B Low 5.8 Low rainfall, Temperate Spring A Resistance to Marcos Juárez, 1974 summer drought, Argentina dominant Septoria spp., Fusarium spp., LR, SR 4C Low 5.8 Mostly Hot Spring A Resistance to Indore, India 1974 residual drought, and moisture heat in seedling stage 5A Low 3.9 High rainfall Hot Spring A Resistance to Joydepur, 1981 / irrigated, heat, Helmin- Bangladesh; humid thosporium spp., Fusarium spp., sprouting Londrina, Brazil 5B Low 3.2 Irrigated , Hot Spring A Resistance to Gezira, Sudan; 1975 low humidity heat and SR Kano, Nigeria 6 High 5.4 Moderate Temperate Spring S Resistance to Harbin, China 1989 rainfall/ SR, LR, Helminsummer thosporium spp., dominant Fusarium spp., sprouting, photoperiod sensitivity (cont’d.)
4 Opening Remarks — S. Rajaram Table 2. Continued. Major Representative Year breeding Area Moisture Temperature Growth breeding locations/ began at ME Latitudea (m ha) b regimec regimed habit Sowne objectivesf, g regions CIMMYT WINTER/FACULTATIVE WHEAT 7 High – Irrigated Moderate Facultative A Rapid grain Zhenzhou, China 1986 cold fill, resistance to cold, YR, PM, BYD 8A High – High rainfall Moderate Facultative A Resistance to Chillan, Chile 1986 / irrigated, cold cold, YR, Septoria long season spp. 8B High – High rainfall Moderate Facultative A Resistance to Edirne, Turkey 1986 / irrigated, cold Septoria spp., short season YR, PM, Fusarium spp., sprouting 9 High – Low rainfall Moderate Facultative A Resistance to Diyarbakir, Turkey 1986 cold cold, drought 10 High – Irrigated Severe cold Winter A Resistance to winterkill, YR, LR, PM, BYD Beijing, China 1986 11A High – High rainfall Moderate Winter A Resistance to Temuco, Chile 1986 /irrigated, cold Septoria spp., long season Fusarium spp., YR, LR, PM 11B High – High rainfall Severe cold Winter A Resistance to Lovrin, Romania 1986 / irrigated, LR, SR, PM, short season winterkill, sprouting 12 High – Low rainfall Severe cold Winter A Resistance to winterkill, drought, YR, bunts Ankara, Turkey 1986 Source: Adapted from Rajaram et. al. (1995). a Low = less than about 35-40 degrees. b Exact area distribution for winter/facultative wheat is not available. c Refers to rainfall just before and during the crop cycle. High = >500mm; low = 17.5°C; cold =
Page 1 and 2: Septoria and Stagonospora Diseases
Page 3 and 4: ii The Organizing Committee express
Page 5 and 6: iv 87 Genetic Variability in a Coll
Page 7 and 8: vi Foreword In the mid-1970s the id
Page 9: 2 Opening Remarks — S. Rajaram ar
Page 13 and 14: 6 Opening Remarks — S. Rajaram cu
Page 15 and 16: 8 Opening Remarks — S. Rajaram br
Page 17 and 18: 10 Opening Remarks — S. Rajaram T
Page 19 and 20: 12 Opening Remarks — S. Rajaram t
Page 21 and 22: 14 Opening Remarks — S. Rajaram C
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Page 26 and 27: Session 1: Pathogen Biology Biology
Page 28 and 29: Table 2. The Septoria tritici/Stago
Page 30 and 31: Molecular Analysis of a DNA Fingerp
Page 32 and 33: histidine kinase in yeast, although
Page 34 and 35: According to the previous observati
Page 36 and 37: cultivars. The presence of pycnidia
Page 38 and 39: Provided that S. nodorum fungal gen
Page 40 and 41: ;; yy ;; yy 6 28% 1 32% ;y; ; y y ;
Page 42 and 43: Table 1. Sources of isolates or DNA
Page 44 and 45: Septoria/Stagonospora Leaf Spot Dis
Page 46: Interrelations among Septoria triti
Page 49 and 50: 42 Session 2 — B.M. Cunfer disper
Page 51 and 52: 44 Session 2 — B.M. Cunfer beyond
Page 53 and 54: 46 Aggressiveness of Phaeosphaeria
Page 55 and 56: 48 Session 2 — P. Halama, F. Lala
Page 57 and 58: 50 Growth of Stagonospora nodorum L
Page 59 and 60: 52 Session 3A — G.H.J. Kema and E
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54 A Possible Gene-for-Gene Relatio
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56 Diallel Analysis of Septoria Tri
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58 Session 3A — X. Zhang, S.D. Ha
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60 Session 3A — L. Gilchrist, C.
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62 Session 3A — L. Gilchrist, C.
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64 Session 3B — E. Arseniuk and P
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68 Cultivar variances Cultivar vari
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72 Session 3B — N.E.A. Murphy, R.
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74 Inheritance of Septoria Nodorum
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76 Session 3B — N.E.A. Murphy, R.
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78 Session 4 — B.A. McDonald, C.C
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84 Session 4 — E. Arseniuk, H.S.
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86 Session 4 — C. Cowger, C.C. Mu
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88 each isolate. Two of the probes
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90 Mating Type-Specific PCR Primers
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92 Session 4 — Bennett, R.S., S.-
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94 Session 5 — M.W. Shaw and the
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96 Session 5 — M.W. Shaw The path
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98 Spore Dispersal of Leaf Blotch P
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Session 5 — C.A. Cordo, M.R. Sim
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102 Epidemiology of Seedborne Stago
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Session 5 — D.A. Shah and G.C. Be
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106 Session 6A / Session 6B — J.M
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Session 6A / Session 6B — C.C. Mu
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118 Session 6C — M. van Ginkel an
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Session 6C — G. Shaner 128 An exa
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Session 6C — G. Shaner 130 Anothe
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Session 6C — M. Díaz de Ackerman
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134 Septoria tritici Resistance Sou
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Session 6C — L. Gilchrist et al.
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Session 6C — L. Gilchrist et al.
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140 Selecting Wheat for Resistance
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Session 6C — R.M. Gonzalez I., S.
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Session 6C — R.M. Gonzalez I., S.
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Session 6C — R. Loughman, R.E. Wi
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148 Field Resistance of Wheat to Se
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150 Using Precise Genetic Stocks to
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Session 6C — C.M. Ellerbrook, V.
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154 Evaluating Triticum durum x Tri
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156 Sources of Resistance to Septor
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Session 6C — H. Toubia-Rahme and
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160 Partial Resistance to Stagonosp
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Session 6C — C.G. Du, L.R. Nelson
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Session 6C — D.E. Fraser, J.P. Mu
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Session 6C — C.G. Du, L.R. Nelson
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Session 6C — M. Mincu 168 Arcsin
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170 Comparison of Greenhouse and Fi
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Session 6C — S.L. Walker, S. Leat
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Session 6D — L.N. Jørgensen, K.E
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176
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Concluding Remarks — Z. Eyal 178
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184 Dr. Patrice Halama Professor In
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186 Dr. Hala Toubia-Rahme Research
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