Septoria and Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals - CIMMYT ...

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;; yy ;; yy 6 28% 1 32% ;y; ; y y ; ; y y 28% 31% 68% 72% 2 72% ; y 35% 69% ;y 44% 23% 65% 3 77% ;y ;y 4; y 56% 5 Stagonospora nodorum Septoria tritici 7 Figure 1. The proportion between leaf septoriose pathogens of winter wheats in the foreststeppe zone of the Ukraine. 1-Kyiv, 2-Poltava, 3-Cherkasy, 4-Vinnytsya, 5-Ternopil, 6-Khmelnytskyy, 7-Zhytomyr regions. Populations of Septoria spp. Affecting Winter Wheat in the Forest-Steppe Zone of the Ukraine 33 References Dyak, U.P. 1990. Distribution of the basic inducers of septoriosis on a winter wheat in Ukrainian SSR. Zaschitz rasteniy 3:7-9. Kovalenko, S.N. 1975. Septoria leaf blotch of a winter wheat in requirements forest-steppe zone of Ukraine SSR. Avtoreferat diss…kand. biol. nauk. Kiev, 21 p. Sanina, A.A., and Antsiferova, L.V. 1991. Septoria Sacc. species on wheat in the European part of the USSR. Mikilogia i fitopatologia 25(3):250-252. Vasetskaja, M.N., Kulikova, G.N., and Borzionova, T.I. 1983. Septoria species of fungi distributed on grades of wheat in the USSR. Mykologia i phytopatologia 17(3):210-213.
34 Septoria passerinii Closely Related to the Wheat Pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola S.B. Goodwin and V.L. Zismann USDA-ARS, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Abstract Septoria passerinii is known only from its anamorphic Septoria state; no teleomorph has been identified. In culture, S. passerinii looks very similar to Mycosphaerella graminicola from wheat. Comparisons of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA of both species and of many other fungi in the Dothideales revealed that the ITS regions of S. passerinii and M. graminicola differed by only 10 bases out of 571 total. Therefore, these species are very closely related. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. passerinii and M. graminicola grouped together within a large cluster of Mycosphaerella species. Thus, S. passerinii almost certainly has a Mycosphaerella teleomorph. Septoria passerinii causes speckled leaf blotch on barley. The colony and conidial morphologies of S. passerinii and the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola are very similar. Both are pathogens of cereals, and they may be closely related. However, nothing is known about the evolutionary relationships of S. passerinii (Cunfer and Ueng, 1999); no fruiting structures have been found and its teleomorph remains unknown. Analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA have been very useful for elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of fungi. This region contains the highly variable ITS1 and ITS2, separated by the conserved 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, and is bounded by the highly conserved 18 and 28S ribosomal RNA genes. This greatly facilitates analysis, because polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers within the conserved regions of the 18 and 28S genes amplify the intervening ITS region of approximately 600 bp. Furthermore, many fungal ITS sequences are available in GenBank, which expands the number of species available for comparison. The objective of this research was to assemble a database of ITS sequences to test the hypothesis that S. passerinii is a close relative of M. graminicola. The alternative hypothesis is that S. passerinii could be more closely related to other cereal pathogens, such as the septoria nodorum pathogen of wheat and barley, Phaeosphaeria nodorum. Materials and Methods Isolates of species of Mycosphaerella, Leptosphaeria, and Phaeosphaeria were obtained from various sources (Table 1). DNA was extracted from lyophilized tissue and the ITS regions were amplified using primers ITS4 and ITS5. Amplification was with the following cycling parameters: 94 C for 2 min, 30 cycles of 93 C for 30 s, 53 C for 2 min, 72 C for 2 min, and a final extension of 10 min at 72 C. Amplification products were purified and cloned. Each clone was sequenced in both directions on an automated DNA sequencer and several clones were sequenced per isolate. DNA sequence alignment, genetic distance calculation, bootstrap analysis (1000 replications), and a neighborjoining tree was prepared using Clustal X (http://www-igbmc.ustrasbg.fr/BioInfo/ClustalX/ Top.html). The final tree was printed using NJplot. Results The ITS regions of all S. passerinii isolates were 571 bases long, including the primer regions, and were essentially identical. A BLAST search on GenBank identified M. graminicola as the closest match to S. passerinii. Sequences of other species showing good matches with S. passerinii in the BLAST search were downloaded from GenBank, along with those of species of Leptosphaeria, Phaeosphaeria, and other fungi in the Dothideales (Table 1). A multiple alignment revealed that the ITS sequences of S. passerinii and M. graminicola differed by only 10 bases (data not
Page 1 and 2: Septoria and Stagonospora Diseases
Page 3 and 4: ii The Organizing Committee express
Page 5 and 6: iv 87 Genetic Variability in a Coll
Page 7 and 8: vi Foreword In the mid-1970s the id
Page 9 and 10: 2 Opening Remarks — S. Rajaram ar
Page 11 and 12: 4 Opening Remarks — S. Rajaram Ta
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Page 15 and 16: 8 Opening Remarks — S. Rajaram br
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Page 26 and 27: Session 1: Pathogen Biology Biology
Page 28 and 29: Table 2. The Septoria tritici/Stago
Page 30 and 31: Molecular Analysis of a DNA Fingerp
Page 32 and 33: histidine kinase in yeast, although
Page 34 and 35: According to the previous observati
Page 36 and 37: cultivars. The presence of pycnidia
Page 38 and 39: Provided that S. nodorum fungal gen
Page 42 and 43: Table 1. Sources of isolates or DNA
Page 44 and 45: Septoria/Stagonospora Leaf Spot Dis
Page 46: Interrelations among Septoria triti
Page 49 and 50: 42 Session 2 — B.M. Cunfer disper
Page 51 and 52: 44 Session 2 — B.M. Cunfer beyond
Page 53 and 54: 46 Aggressiveness of Phaeosphaeria
Page 55 and 56: 48 Session 2 — P. Halama, F. Lala
Page 57 and 58: 50 Growth of Stagonospora nodorum L
Page 59 and 60: 52 Session 3A — G.H.J. Kema and E
Page 61 and 62: 54 A Possible Gene-for-Gene Relatio
Page 63 and 64: 56 Diallel Analysis of Septoria Tri
Page 65 and 66: 58 Session 3A — X. Zhang, S.D. Ha
Page 67 and 68: 60 Session 3A — L. Gilchrist, C.
Page 69 and 70: 62 Session 3A — L. Gilchrist, C.
Page 71 and 72: 64 Session 3B — E. Arseniuk and P
Page 75 and 76: 68 Cultivar variances Cultivar vari
Page 79 and 80: 72 Session 3B — N.E.A. Murphy, R.
Page 81 and 82: 74 Inheritance of Septoria Nodorum
Page 83 and 84: 76 Session 3B — N.E.A. Murphy, R.
Page 85 and 86: 78 Session 4 — B.A. McDonald, C.C
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84 Session 4 — E. Arseniuk, H.S.
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86 Session 4 — C. Cowger, C.C. Mu
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88 each isolate. Two of the probes
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90 Mating Type-Specific PCR Primers
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92 Session 4 — Bennett, R.S., S.-
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94 Session 5 — M.W. Shaw and the
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96 Session 5 — M.W. Shaw The path
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98 Spore Dispersal of Leaf Blotch P
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Session 5 — C.A. Cordo, M.R. Sim
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102 Epidemiology of Seedborne Stago
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Session 5 — D.A. Shah and G.C. Be
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106 Session 6A / Session 6B — J.M
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Session 6A / Session 6B — C.C. Mu
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118 Session 6C — M. van Ginkel an
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Session 6C — G. Shaner 128 An exa
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Session 6C — G. Shaner 130 Anothe
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Session 6C — M. Díaz de Ackerman
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134 Septoria tritici Resistance Sou
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Session 6C — L. Gilchrist et al.
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Session 6C — L. Gilchrist et al.
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140 Selecting Wheat for Resistance
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Session 6C — R.M. Gonzalez I., S.
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Session 6C — R.M. Gonzalez I., S.
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Session 6C — R. Loughman, R.E. Wi
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148 Field Resistance of Wheat to Se
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150 Using Precise Genetic Stocks to
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Session 6C — C.M. Ellerbrook, V.
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154 Evaluating Triticum durum x Tri
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156 Sources of Resistance to Septor
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Session 6C — H. Toubia-Rahme and
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160 Partial Resistance to Stagonosp
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Session 6C — C.G. Du, L.R. Nelson
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Session 6C — D.E. Fraser, J.P. Mu
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Session 6C — C.G. Du, L.R. Nelson
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Session 6C — M. Mincu 168 Arcsin
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170 Comparison of Greenhouse and Fi
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Session 6C — S.L. Walker, S. Leat
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Session 6D — L.N. Jørgensen, K.E
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176
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Concluding Remarks — Z. Eyal 178
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184 Dr. Patrice Halama Professor In
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186 Dr. Hala Toubia-Rahme Research
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Septoria and Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals - CIMMYT ...

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