The EU, the EEU, and the War in Ukraine: Political Risks and Management Options

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Florence Ertel / Julian Plottka World Integrated Trade Solution (2022a): Trade Summary for KAZ 2019. https://wits.worldbank. org/CountrySnapshot/en/KAZ (15.08.2022). World Integrated Trade Solution (2022b): Kazakhstan All-Groups. Exports to China in US$ Thousand 2015-2019. https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/KAZ/StartYear/2015/ EndYear/2019/TradeFlow/Export/Indicator/XPRT-TRD-VL/Partner/CHN/Product/All-Groups (15.08.2022). World Integrated Trade Solution (2022c): Kazakhstan All-Groups. Exports to Russian Federation in US$ Thousand 2015-2019. https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/KAZ/ StartYear/2015/EndYear/2019/TradeFlow/Export/Indicator/XPRT-TRD-VL/Partner/RUS/ Product/All-Groups (15.08.2022). World Integrated Trade Solution (2022d): Kazakhstan Trade. https://wits.worldbank.org/ CountrySnapshot/en/KAZ (15.08.2022). Zeit Online (2022): Kasachstan. Knapp 1.700 weitere Festnahmen in kasachischer Stadt Almaty. 12.02.2022. https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2022-01/kasachstan-almaty-unruhen- festnahmen (15.08.2022). 36 Wirtschaft und Management · Band 33 · März 2023
Oxana Karnaukhova Central Asia between the European Union and Eurasian Economic Union: Sovereignty Underestimated Abstract Oxana Karnaukhova In the circumstances of the overgrowing tensions within the Eastern Neighborhood countries and the war on the Eastern flank of the European Union (EU), the University of Passau focus on searching for possible economic partnership is moving to Central Asia. After dozens of years of oblivion, the region found itself as the arena of competition among global leaders but also as a battleground for regional leaders – Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The paper starts with the assumption that a key reason for the poorly-designed external economic strategy lies in neglecting the place and role of economic sovereignty as a key driver of regional development. A comparative analysis of the regionalisms offered by the European Union (EU) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) demonstrates that leadership is most effectively exercised with a view to recognising equality in geo-economic positions and respecting sovereign decision-making rights. In this paper, it is argued that underestimating economic sovereignty of five developing economies in Eurasia for multinational corporations (MNCs) would be fatal in the context of hyper-competition between the European Union (EU), Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for the regional leadership on the emerging markets. Keywords: Economic Sovereignty, Regional Integration, Leadership, EAEU, EU, Central Asia, Sustainability, MNCs, Russia, China 1 Introduction The paper’s point of departure is the assumption that today we are witnessing a profound structural change in the post-Westphalia system of international relations. This crisis has its roots in the geopolitical tensions of globalisation and reciprocal regionalisation and is driven by the need to rethink the role of nation states in strategic geo-economic decision-making. The latter is shaping the global economic agenda in terms of global and regional leadership through multilateral and bilateral relations. Multinational business plays a crucial role as a mediator there. In the mid-20th century, the growing research interest in the relationship between sovereignty and the movement of capital through investment was coupled with the notion of economic growth as a horizon for strategic decision-making (Penrose 1959). The growing influence of international organisations and multinational corporations led to questioning the reality of economic sovereignty by nation states (Vernon 1971). Furthermore, the discourse on the alignment of integration and sovereignty is currently being driven by a debate on the possibly diminishing role of the nation state in the world – system and delegating some of its functions to supranational institutions within the framework of integration alliances. Wirtschaft und Management · Band 33 · März 2023 37
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Page 9 and 10: Hannes Meissner / Johannes Leitner
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Page 55 and 56: David Morris The Huawei battlegroun
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Working Paper Series No 72 Johannes
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Fachhochschule des BFI Wien Gesells
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The EU, the EEU, and the War in Ukraine: Political Risks and Management Options

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