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• The Petrochemical plant should be a government led, economically viable project with equity from private investors. In order to make it feasible, maximum duties will have to be imposed on all chemical-related end products, as soon as the facility starts production. 181
3.1.2 Steel Industry Steel is a critical ingredient for most intermediate and final products in an industrial economy, and it is difficult if not impossible for Pakistan’s industry to become competitive without a reliable base for steel production. Pakistan has an abundance of iron ore deposits (with the largest ones located near Kalabagh (an estimated 300 million tons), Dilband (200 million tons) and Chiniot (100 million tons). Unfortunately, despite this availability, local steel production has not kept pace with increasing demand (see Figure 3-2), and Pakistan has become increasingly reliant on steel imports, thus exposing the economy to exogenous shocks. Figure 3‐2: Demand and Supply Gap of Steel in Pakistan Source: ‘National Steel Policy’, Engineering Development Board, Pakistan, (2010: 13) It is clear from the figure above that the gap between demand & supply of steel is increasing dramatically. The present gap of 1.4 million tons is projected to increase to more than 3.6 million tons by the year 2015. Pakistan’s total installed manufacturing capacity of steel is estimated to be around 4 million tons with capacity utilization averaging around 80%. The following are the major players in the industry: 182
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INDUSTRIAL POLICY, ITS SPATIAL ASPE
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Table of Contents List of Tables ..
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3.3.13 Fisheries Sector ...........
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List of Tables Chapter 2 Table 2‐
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List of Figures Chapter 2 Figure 2
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Figure 4‐12: Spatial inequality i
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Acronyms and Abbreviations ADR Alte
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Acknowledgements This study has bee
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percent average GDP growth rate, th
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Development Fund and a Skill based
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knowledge based industries such as
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Therefore, we recommend specific ty
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manufacturing industries is widespr
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• Expansion of the tax base by in
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• In special economic zones, scie
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which could cross from Iranian to P
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• Provide infrastructure of the p
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transaction cost of smuggling and r
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Accordingly, the government should
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information flows between the train
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etc., that operate outside the form
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In view of the credit problems face
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• Establishment of testing and ce
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the interim period the Ministry sho
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growth of downstream industries esp
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• Strictly enforce the Tariff-bas
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• New courses in systems design m
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• Allow long-term subcontracting
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in KP. The total production of the
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• Keep on supporting PHDEC to imp
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Sports Goods Sports Goods industry
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• Ensure that the ceramics centre
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• Allow free import at 0-5% for 3
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• Operationlaise the planned marb
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• Support provision of market inf
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In order to improve the competitive
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• Advocate the use of pre-fabrica
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diversification which has been a ma
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gives a brief synopsis of the compe
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The 1980s brought a major shift in
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the costs of entry for a pioneer fi
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macro level investigation of indust
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on its own. The Government of Pakis
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Source: IMF, 2008 However, in the p
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2.1.2 Structural Rigidity & Inadequ
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share in formal non-agriculture emp
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Breaking down the analysis of manuf
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Moreover, during the 1990s, total f
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Figure 2‐13: Output per Worker Gr
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of world exports increased on avera
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More so, the product concentration
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The underlying reason for South Asi
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Source: Felipe and Lim, 2008 2.1.5
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order to bring about technological
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sector. The role of the government
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eforms in particular trade liberali
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07. In the last two years, the priv
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from 12% to 24% of total investment
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2005-07 controlling for the size of
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skewed away from the manufacturing
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sustained growth and wide spread em
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interest rate remained stable in th
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45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00
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Source: Felipe and Lim (2008). Rece
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increased as a premium for being a
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The government faces an immediate n
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services, TRIPs (Trade Related Inte
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most of the burden, for e.g., those
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that it comes second only to Bangla
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Box 2‐2: Energy in Comparison wit
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Hydel or Hydropower While the gener
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announced at least two months in ad
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network. Road linkages connecting m
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Ministry of Industries and Producti
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According to the World Bank (2004),
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Absence or weakness of skills in th
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and Nazli (1998)]. In Balochistan,
Page 155 and 156: Source: PIHS (2001-02 and 2005-2006
Page 157 and 158: Pakistan do not consider inadequate
Page 159 and 160: curricula, poor quality of instruct
Page 161 and 162: also to enhance information flows b
Page 163 and 164: shortage of qualified textile profe
Page 165 and 166: Figure 2‐36: growth in lending by
Page 167 and 168: the average value of the collateral
Page 169 and 170: The procedural requirements such as
Page 171 and 172: 2.3.3.6 Policy Recommendations: The
Page 173 and 174: approving the certification bodies,
Page 175 and 176: Balochistan Sindh Punjab NWFP Small
Page 177 and 178: of manufacturing the tyre. Such ina
Page 179 and 180: Cost (% of Claim) Source: World Ban
Page 181 and 182: Due to the tax rates and complicate
Page 183 and 184: are: import duties, import surcharg
Page 185 and 186: Competitiveness & Industry Stagnati
Page 187 and 188: egional competitors like India and
Page 189 and 190: the overall TFP growth rate to 0.9
Page 191 and 192: aiding hidden sugar stocks. This il
Page 193 and 194: Second, a science park captures the
Page 195 and 196: This should be done while preservin
Page 197 and 198: • Pilot projects that help demons
Page 199 and 200: ecome too costly for more developed
Page 201 and 202: inputs/raw material by the domestic
Page 203 and 204: Table 3‐1: Demand for Petrochemic
Page 205: products is reasonable (import of e
Page 209 and 210: scrap and serviceable engineering g
Page 211 and 212: sector. Investments in improved fer
Page 213 and 214: Figure 3‐5: Comparison of Pakista
Page 215 and 216: 3.2 Value Added Knowledge Based Ind
Page 217 and 218: About 75% of the firms supply to th
Page 219 and 220: Electronics is one of the largest m
Page 221 and 222: 3.2.2.1.2 Lack of Technological Kno
Page 223 and 224: 3.2.2.1.4 Trade through Illegal Cha
Page 225 and 226: 3.2.2.2 Policy Recommendations: The
Page 227 and 228: new patent laws under the TRIPs whi
Page 229 and 230: Figure 3‐8: Broad Comparison of P
Page 231 and 232: • Income Tax: The advanced income
Page 233 and 234: 3.3 Value Added Skill & Engineering
Page 235 and 236: • Adequate human resource with gr
Page 237 and 238: etween 5-10 years. Sales are also f
Page 239 and 240: 3.3.2.1.1 Low levels of productivit
Page 241 and 242: etc are fetching much higher export
Page 243 and 244: • Strongly advocate with State Ba
Page 245 and 246: The above composition suggests that
Page 247 and 248: Out of this 70% of the cost is for
Page 249 and 250: • Similarly, grinding is done usi
Page 251 and 252: The industry seems to be doing reas
Page 253 and 254: Another major area that has restric
Page 255 and 256: for such industry already exists in
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Chinese products fetch (US$0.35 - i
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more than the producer. The mean re
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3.3.5.2 Policy Recommendations: The
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US$0.26 billion in 2009 from a high
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Figure 3‐21: Typical Value of Han
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3.3.6.3 Policy Recommendations: Sin
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Source: UN Commodity Trade Statisti
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• Ensure that the Ceramics Indust
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level of quality control, inefficie
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Figure 3‐25: Key Challenges in Pa
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Another issue faced by the furnitur
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3.3.8.4 Policy Recommendations: It
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675 tanneries in the formal sector,
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• Limited availability of modern
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3.3.10 Gems & Jewellery Sector Paki
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Raw Mat erial Waste is 7% Filing &
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3.3.10.2 Policy Recommendations: Ca
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3.3.11.1 Value Chain Analysis Value
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capable of processing stone in acco
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Figure 3‐29: Traditional Quarryin
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of the NEEDS. Below we have summari
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3.3.12.1.9 Levy of Federal Excise D
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production assets and technology. T
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Source: ‘Pakistan: Growth and exp
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• Explore possibility of increasi
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3.3.12.12 Electrical Fittings The e
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scale commercial fishing vessels. I
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overtime, we freeze the district bo
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The phenomenon of localized versus
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4.3 Mapping Measures of Regional an
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Source: GoP (2001) Khan (2003) disc
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Log of population 2005-06 13 14 15
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Log of population growth from 1981-
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Ghaus-Pasha and Jamal; 1996-97 Jafr
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FBS 2550 calories -- -- 26.6 29.3 2
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eginning; it has remained constant
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Figure 4‐5: Poverty headcount in
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a ratio equal to twice the area bet
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egistered slightly increasing magni
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4.3.3 Evidence on Spatial Dispariti
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system in each district. Since thes
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Intermediate college size -0.047 0.
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Table 4‐10: Most and least develo
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eporting of data. However, district
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Figure 4‐10: Industry clusters an
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4.3.4 Market Access and Spatial Ine
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Figure 4‐12: Spatial inequality i
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indicates that Peshawar, Abbottabad
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Moreover, we also present evidence
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Table 4‐11: Change in concentrati
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Next, we discuss the geographic con
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313 Beverage industry 32 36 16 -0.0
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Table 4‐13: Geographic concentrat
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district, it is termed as urbanizat
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Table 4‐15: Localisation versus u
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5 Poverty Impacts of Public Investm
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landholding and the incidence of po
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ijt household and individual level
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individual characteristics. Column
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Financial assets owned by household
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Mardan =1 if individual belongs to
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Survey year 1992-93× Punjab 0.073
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Table 5‐4: Effects of household a
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is roughly similar, except that mal
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Pseudo R 2 0.131 0.131 Notes: All r
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Survey year 1996-97 0.139 0.346 0 1
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status dummies and province-year fi
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unchanged until 1996-97. This is re
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the whole country, f ( yi ) is the
Page 395 and 396:
Province× year fixed effects inclu
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Individual level controls included
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We take corresponding data from Pak
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second five year period, industry a
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oads density variable is positive a
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complete set of sub-industry (3-dig
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The two time dummies reflect produc
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0.125) in road density of a distric
Page 411 and 412:
Fourthly, the literature tells us t
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References Ahmad, H., M. Mahmud, N.
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Competitiveness Support Fund (2010)
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Gelman, A., J.B. Carlin, H.S. Stern
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Henderson, J. V., Todd Lee, Yung J.
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Levine, Ross and Renelt, David (199
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Shabbir, T., A.H. Khan (1991). Minc
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World Development Report (2000). En
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