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The Soils of The Regional Municipality of Ottawa=Carleton

The Soils of The Regional Municipality of Ottawa=Carleton

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4<br />

LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4<br />

LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6<br />

HOW TO USETHE SOIL MAPS AND REPORT . . . . . . . . 6<br />

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA<br />

Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10<br />

Bedrock Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12<br />

Physiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13<br />

Surficial Geology and Relationship to <strong>Soils</strong> . . . . . . . . . 17<br />

SURVEY METHODS<br />

Soil Mapping Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24<br />

Survey Intensityand Map Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24<br />

<strong>The</strong> Mapping System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25<br />

Conventions Usedin Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25<br />

Definitions <strong>of</strong> Terms Associated with<br />

the Soil Maps and Legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26<br />

GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF SOIL<br />

ASSOCIATIONS, LAND TYPES, AND<br />

MISCELLANEOUS LAND UNITS<br />

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30<br />

Soil AssociationKey-Figure 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31<br />

Soil Association Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30<br />

Anstruther(A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30<br />

Bearbrook(B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32<br />

Borromee(BE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33<br />

Castor (C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34<br />

Chateauguay(CH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35<br />

Dalhousie(D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36<br />

Farmington (F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38<br />

Goulbourn(GB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39<br />

Greely(GY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40<br />

Grenville(G) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41<br />

Huntley(H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43<br />

Ironside (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43<br />

Jockvale(J) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45<br />

Kars(K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46<br />

Leitrim (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48<br />

Lemieux(LE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50<br />

Malak<strong>of</strong>f (MK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />

Manotick(M) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51<br />

Mer Bleue (MB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53<br />

Mille Isle (MI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54<br />

Nepean(N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55<br />

North Gower (NG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56<br />

Oka(O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58<br />

Osgoode(OS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64<br />

Ottawa (OT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65<br />

Queensway(Q) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66<br />

Reevecraig(RE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67<br />

Rideau(R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68<br />

St . Thomas (ST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70<br />

Uplands (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72<br />

Land Type Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74<br />

Recent Alluvium (AR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74<br />

TABLE OF CONTENTS<br />

SOIL INTERPRETATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77<br />

A . AGRICULTURAL CAPABILITY<br />

CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77<br />

(a) Explanation <strong>of</strong> Capability Classifications . . . . . . . .77<br />

(1) Capability Classification for Mineral <strong>Soils</strong> . . . .77<br />

(a) Soil Capability Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77<br />

(b) Soil Capability Subclasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77<br />

(c) Subclass Refinements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78<br />

(d) Soil Capability Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80<br />

(e) Guidelines Used in Rating <strong>Soils</strong> . . . . . . . . . .80<br />

(1) Wetness (W) and<br />

Drainage Variability (V) . . . . . . . . . . . .80<br />

(2) Limitations Not Affecting<br />

the Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81<br />

(3) Associated Stoniness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81<br />

(4) Limitations Requiring Less<br />

Severe Downgrading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81<br />

(2) Capability Classification for Organic <strong>Soils</strong> . . . . 81<br />

(a) Organic Soil Capability Classes . . . . . . . . . . 81<br />

(b) Organic Soil Capability Subclasses . . . . . . . 81<br />

(c) Organic Soil Capability Ratings . . . . . . . . . . 82<br />

(3) Capability Classification for Land Type<br />

and Miscellaneous Land Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82<br />

(b) Introduction to the Rating Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82<br />

(c) How to Apply the Capability Rating Tables . . . . . . .83<br />

(d) Examples <strong>of</strong> Rating Determinations for<br />

SomeMap Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83<br />

(e) <strong>The</strong> Capability Rating Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85<br />

Table 9 - Agricultural Capability Ratings for<br />

Soil Landscape Units representing<br />

Mineral <strong>Soils</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85<br />

Table 10 - Agricultural Capability Ratings for<br />

Soil Landscape Units representing<br />

Organic <strong>Soils</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93<br />

Table 11- Agricultural Capability Ratings for<br />

Land Type and Miscellaneous<br />

Land Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93<br />

B . SOIL INTERPRETATIONS FOR<br />

WATER EROSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94<br />

1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94<br />

2 . Factors Affecting Soil Erosion byWater . . . . . . . . . . . 94<br />

3 . Measurement <strong>of</strong> Factors Affecting Water Erosion<br />

(a) Rainfall Factor (R) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95<br />

(b) Soil Erodibility Factor (K) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95<br />

(c) Slope Gradient (S) and Slope Length (L)<br />

Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98<br />

(d) Cropping and Management Factors (C) . . . . . . . .98<br />

4 . Soil Erosion Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102<br />

C . LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION FOR<br />

COMMON FOREST TREE SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . 105<br />

1 . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105<br />

2 . Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105<br />

3 . Explanation <strong>of</strong> Suitability Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105<br />

4 . Limitations to the Rating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105<br />

5 . How to Applythe Suitability Ratings Table . . . . . . . 106<br />

6 . Examples <strong>of</strong> Some Ratings Determinations . . . . . . . 106<br />

Eroded Channels (ER) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111<br />

Rockland(RK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74<br />

Escarpment (X) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75<br />

Miscellaneous Land Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75<br />

Landslide (LD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75<br />

Marshland (ML) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75<br />

Land Altered by Man- Disturbedland (DL),<br />

Landfill site (LF), Sewage lagoon (SL),<br />

Topsoil removed (TR), Urban land (U) . . . . . . . . .76<br />

APPENDIX 1 .<br />

APPENDIX 2 .<br />

Definitions <strong>of</strong> classes and phases used<br />

to describe soil and landscape<br />

features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112<br />

Correlation <strong>of</strong>recognized series and<br />

subgroups to previously published soil<br />

information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<br />

114

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