The Soils of The Regional Municipality of Ottawa=Carleton

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SubclassW Excess water, other than from flooding, due to poor drainage, high water table, seepage, or runoff from surrounding areas . (c) SubclassRefnentents Each subclass or kind of limitation has been further defined with respect to the different degrees of severity in which the limitation may exist . By refining the subclass in this way, and then applying an appropriate downgrading value to each type and degree of subclass or limitation, classes can be determined more systematically and a better indication of soil quality is presented . Six degrees of intensity or severity have been established, which consist of minor, moderate, major, severe, very severe, and extremely severe. Minor, moderate and major degrees of severity were previously applied in the classification system developed for the Ottawa UrbanFringe (1) . Severe, very severe, and extremely severe degrees ofintensity or severity, however, have their origin in the classification system described herein . All of the previously identified subclasses or limitations except Subclass I have been divided into minor, moderate and MAJOR D' : Massiveness, poor structure and/or D : firm to very firm consistency in entire soil profile causing insufficient aeration and slow moisture absorption and distribution . F' : Verylow nutrient status and base F: exchange capacity dueto very low organic matter and/or clay content throughout the rooting zone. High acidity(pH < 5 .5) may also occur. I' : Frequent land flooding ofextended duration . M' : Soil droughtiness in well to exces- M : sively drained deep sands andgravels requiring irrigation for normal crop production under average weather conditions . Textures include all sands or gravellysands, and Bt horizons are absent . P' : Soils sufficiently stony (3 to 15% of P : surface) to significantly increase the difficulty of tillage, planting and harvesting . When more than 15% ofthe surface is composed of stones, cultivation is further restricted or becomes impractical and additional downgrading is required . Table 7. Major, moderate, and minorsubclass definitions MODERATE Massiveness, poor structure and/or firm consistency causing poor aeration and rootpenetration mainly in the subsoil . Low nutrient status and/or moderate nutrient imbalance dueto low organic matter and/or clay content in part of or all of the rooting zone . Soil droughtiness in well to excessively drained soils subject to moisture deficiencies during dry years . Soil characteristics such asthe presence of Bt horizons, underlying finer material, or coarse soil textures having some clay and silt, i .e ., loamy sands, all provide some moisture retention . Moderately stony soils (0 .1 to 3% ofsurface) causing some interference with tillage, planting and harvesting . Also applied to stony soils requiring regular stone removal . major degrees of severity, and definitions of these are given in Table 7 . Respectively, they are represented by a small case letter, an uppercase letter, and an uppercase letter with a raised apostrophe e .g . w, W W' . A minor limitation downgrades by one-half a class, a moderate limitation by one class, and a major limitation by two classes . Thus, two minor limitations are necessary to downgrade by one class, and a soil with one minor limitation would remain in Class 1 . The degree of severity of some types of subclasses or limitations, however, is such that downgrading by three or more classes is necessary . To account for this additional downgrading, these limitations have been further divided into severe, very severe, and extremely severe degrees ofintensity or severity. They are represented, respectively, by an uppercase letter with a double apostrophe, an uppercase letter with an asterisk, and an uppercase letter which is underlined e.g . W", W*, _W.Asevere limitation downgrades three classes, a very severe limitation four classes, and an extremely severe limitation five classes. Only limitations P, R, T andWhave been divided further into these degrees of severity and definitions of each aregiven in Table 8 . d : f: m : p : MINOR Undesirable structure causing minor air and water permeability problems . Minor nutrient deficiency or imbalance which may affect some crops . Soil droughtiness in well-drained fine sandy loams or sandy loams . Used as an indicator ofpotential droughtiness (not affecting rating) in some instances . Slightly stony soils (less than 0 .1% ofsurface) . The stones offer slight to no hindrance to cultivation . Also applied to stony soils requiring occasional stone removal . (Continued on Page 79)
Table 7 . (cont'd) R' : T' : V' : W' : MAJOR Soils with a restrictedrooting zone (hard rock at 50-100cm depth) and having localized rock outcrops covering 2-10% ofthe surface, OR, deep soils (unrestricted rooting zone) with localized rock outcrops covering 10-25 °lo ofthe surface. Increases in rock outcrops OR more restricted rooting zones (hard rock at less than 50 cm depth) require additional downgrading . Slopes of 10 to 15% affecting machine workability and requiring protection measures against water erosion . Soils with these slopes cannot berated higher thanClass 4 . Steeper slopes require more severe downgrading . Repetitive variations in drainage across the landscape oftwo or more drainage classes resulting in major soil moisture deficiencies and excesses inthe soils which occur. Generally applied to landscapes in which drainage varies from goodor excessiveon undulations to poor in depressions . (Never used with W', W M', orM .) Excessive wetness associated with poorly orvery poorly drained soils, generally due to ponding, seepage, impermeable subsoil, or some combination of these factors . Excessive moisturemay persist long enough to adversely affect choice of crops, plant growth, or timeliness of farming operations . R : Soils with a restricted rooting zone (hard rock at 50-100 cm depth) or deep soils with localized rock out crops covering 2-10% of the surface. T. V: W: MODERATE Slopes of 6 to 9% interfering slightly with the useof farm machinery and requiring some special conservation practices toprevent water erosion . Repetitive variations in drainage across the landscape of one drainage class and representing a moderate soil moisture deficiency in some soils which occur. Generally applies to landscapes in which drainage varies from good to imperfect, and wherethe soils with good drainage are affected by moderate soil moisture deficiencies . (Never used with W', W M', orM .) Wetness generally associated with poorly drained soils orimperfectly drained soils with high moisture content in thelower profile. Most often associated withclayey soils or porous soils resting on impervious substrata . r : t : MINOR Solid, hard rock at more than 1 m depth or shattered soft rock (shale) between 50 and 100 cm depth affecting moisture distribution, stoniness, etc . Slopes of 3 to 5% not interfering with the use of farm machinery, but causing some slight water erosion and/or lack of uniformityin moisture distribution, seed germination, and plant growth . v : Any minor variation indrainage across the landscape which may affect crop growth or farm opera tions . Generally applied along with wetness or moisture subclasses to landscapes having variations in soil moisture . w : Occasional wetness generally associatedwith imperfectly drained soils .
Page 1 and 2:
i The Soils of The III Regional Mun
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . .
Page 5 and 6:
1 . Soil map index for the Regional
Page 7 and 8:
0 t W. CARLETO 10 L 20 km KANATA GO
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Otta!~? Figure 3. Main towns, trans
Page 11 and 12:
Arnprior Chats Falls Almonte " Carp
Page 13 and 14:
may also contain shaly layers . Out
Page 15 and 16:
Till plains (undrumlinized) _ Esker
Page 17 and 18:
Surficial Geology and Relationship
Page 19 and 20:
HUN nnnnoioion miammoo nonmmnon nou
Page 21 and 22:
GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS SOIL ASSOCIATI
Page 23 and 24:
GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS SOIL ASSOCIATI
Page 25 and 26:
In this survey, boundaries were per
Page 27 and 28: BASIC LAND AREAS SOIL ASSOCIATION -
Page 29 and 30: their agricultural use . The domina
Page 31 and 32: OTTAWA- CARLETON SOILS t TYPE DEPTH
Page 33 and 34: B3 : Dominantlyvery Rego Gleysols p
Page 35 and 36: cant component, approximately 600 h
Page 37 and 38: In some soils, significant layers o
Page 39 and 40: Taxonomic Components The well-drain
Page 41 and 42: Taxonomic Components Four component
Page 43 and 44: Correlation to Ottawa Urban Fringe
Page 45 and 46: The well-drained Orthic Melanic Bru
Page 47 and 48: ial which extends in a northwest-so
Page 51 and 52: all Leitrim soils classified as suc
Page 53 and 54: The imperfectly drained St . Damase
Page 55 and 56: Recognized Recognized Subgroups Ser
Page 57 and 58: Soil Materials North Gower soils co
Page 59 and 60: Figure 17 . A poorly drained Orthic
Page 61 and 62: Figure 25 . Manotick association so
Page 63 and 64: Soil Landscape Units Four units wer
Page 67 and 68: sloping areas, groundwater flow, an
Page 69 and 70: from clay to silty clay loam . In s
Page 73 and 74: scapes occurring inclose proximity
Page 75 and 76: Within Rockland units, significant
Page 77: A . AGRICULTURAL CAPABILITY CLASSIF
Page 81 and 82: adequate moisture or a wetness limi
Page 83 and 84: In order to apply the tables, one m
Page 85 and 86: (e) The Capability Rating Tables Ta
Page 87 and 88: 00 Table 9. (continued) Slope Class
Page 89 and 90: Table 9 . (continued) AGRICULTURAL
Page 91 and 92: Table 9 . (continued) AGRICULTURAL
Page 93 and 94: Soil Landscape Unit Table 10 . Agri
Page 95 and 96: The water erosion formula, A= RKLSC
Page 97 and 98: soil Association Table 13 . K-value
Page 99 and 100: graphic regions . Therefore, the C
Page 101 and 102: Table 17 . continued Crop Rotation
Page 103 and 104: SOIL SOIL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION MAIN
Page 105 and 106: C . LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION
Page 107 and 108: Table 19 . Land suitability ratings
Page 109 and 110: Table 19 . continued Soil associati
Page 111 and 112: 1 . Marshall, I.B., J. Dumanski, E.
Page 113 and 114: Class Description Sl Slightly stony
Page 115 and 116: Soil Association GRENVILLE Series a
Page 117 and 118: Soil Association Series and (Subgro
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The Soils of The Regional Municipality of Ottawa=Carleton

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