The Soils of The Regional Municipality of Ottawa=Carleton

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General Land Use Except for the very poorly drained soils of the association, North Gower soils have a high agricultural capability for common field crops . They are used for corn, cerealgrain, and hay production on a broad scale. Correlation to Ottawa Urban Fringe In the survey of the Ottawa Urban Fringe, theNorth Gower variant was mapped as a phase and denoted with a "V" attached to the respective soil landscape unit to which it applied . In this survey, the variant was identified and mapped as a separate soil landscape unit, namely the NG5 unit . North Gower soils in the survey area are similar to those of the Urban Fringearea in chemical and physical characteristics with one exception . In the imperfectly drained soils mapped, eluvial and illuvial horizons seldom occurred . The absence of these horizons, therefore, necessitated an additional taxonomic classification for those soils . OKA (O) Location and Extent Soils of the Oka association occur in each of the three map areas ofthe survey area . Theyoccur most extensively, however, in Rideau, Goulbourn, and West Carleton townships primarily on the Paleozoic bedrock plains of those areas . Approximately 5,600 ha of Oka soils were mapped, of which 3,000 ha were mapped in combination with soils of other associations . Landform and Topography Oka association soils have developed on very gently to moderately sloping marine beach materials . Slopes most commonly range between 2 and 9% . Most often the beach materials occur on bedrock controlled landscapes, primarily those in which Farmington association soils underlain by dolomite or limestone bedrock are found . In this case, wave action during thetime ofthe Champlain Seaformed raised beaches which range from less than 1mto several metres in thickness over bedrock . These landscapes are usually ridged and have very gently to gently sloping topography. Oka soils also have developed on marine beach materials which overly glacial till, mainly in the form of drumlinoid ridges . Wave action in this case has formed beaches on the side of many ridges on the mid to upper slope positions and crests . Oka soils of this type were identified in the North Gower, Richmond, and Manotick areas of Rideau Township . The resultant landscapes are steeper than in bedrock controlled landscapes, often being moderately sloping with slopes ranging from 9 to 15% . A third landscape situation in which Oka soils occur is marine beaches formed on glaciofluvial deposits . In this instance, meltwater from glacial retreat produced esker and other ice contact deposits which were subsequently reworked to varying degrees into beaches during the Champlain Sea inundation which followed glaciation . Soils occurring on the reworked ice contact deposits were mapped as the Kars association where marine reworking was minimal and not easily recognized . Where beach formation was substantial and easily recognizable on these landscapes, the soils were mapped as the Oka association . Soil Material Oka association soil materials consist of gravelly to very gravelly, coarse to moderately coarse textured marine beach materials which overly either Paleozoic bedrock, glacial till, or glaciofluvial ice contact deposits . The parent material is commonly grayish to dark grayish brown in color, and has coarse sandy loam, loamy coarse sand, or coarse sand textures . Highly representative Oka soils are mildly alkaline in reaction and moderately to strongly calcareous . Occasionally some may be extremely calcareous . The alkalinity and calcareousness of the materials results from the high proportion of limestone and dolomtic rock fragments which are present . Some Oka soils were also mapped on small beach formations which have resulted from wave action on glacial till deposits derived from gray-green and red shale bedrock . These materials occur infrequently and were included in the association due to their limited extent . They possess similar textures and have a high gravel content which primarily consists of channery sized shale fragments . Soil reaction of the parent material ofthese shaly beach materials ranges from neutral to slightly acidic. The more representative calcareous Oka soil materials in which limestone and dolomite rock fragments are the dominant coarse fragments were designated by either the 01 or 02 soil landscape units. The noncalcareous shaley materials were designated by either the 03 or 05 soil landscape units . Coarse fragment (gravel) content of Oka materials usually exceeds 40% by weight and may range as high as 80% in some materials . The amount of coarse fragments increases with depth and is greatest in the parent material or Ck horizons . Coarse fragment type, size, and shape are quite variable and are dependent onthe type ofbeach formation . Those resulting from wave deflated glacial till are primarily composed of limestone or dolomite fragments consisting of very angular gravel, angular and subrounded stones, and occasional boulders . Oka materials resulting from subsequent wave action on shallow glacial drift material overlying Paleozoic bedrock are predominantly composed of flat, angular fragments of limestone and dolomite . The materials may be either channery, flaggy, or both . The third type of Oka material resulting from wave action on glaciofluvial deposits is mainly composed of rounded and subrounded cobbles and stones . Although primarily of limestone and dolomite origin, some fragments of granite and gneiss of Precambrian origin are also present . Oka soil materials tend to be somewhat finer textured at the surface . Surface textures of loamy sand, sandy loam, or loam occur most often . In addition, some materials may have free carbonates inthe surface and B horizons . Soil Moisture Characteristics Oka association soils aredominantly rapidly to well-drained, with imperfectly drained soils also occurring but to a considerably lesser extent . Due to their coarse textures and high coarse fragment content, Oka materials are rapidly permeable and have a low water holding capacity. Clay illuviation, designated by Btj and Bt horizons, when present in these soils reduces permeability somewhat and increases the water holding capacity slightly. Surface runoff is slow. (Continued onPage 63)
Figure 17 . A poorly drained Orthic Humic Gleysol profile (North Gower series) of the North Gower soil association . Soil materials are of deep marine depositional origin and consist of nonstony clay loam and silty clay loam . These soils were mostly mapped as the NG2 soil landscape unit . Figure 18 . North Gower association landscapes are nearly level to very gently sloping and have relatively high agricultural capability. Figure 19 . Dalhousie landscapes are generally level . Agricultural capability for common field crops is relatively high (2W) . Figure 20 . A poorly drained Orthic HumicGleysol (Brandon series) ofthe Dalhousie soil association . These soils consist ofnonstony clay and silty clay of marine origin and were mostly mapped as the D3 soil landscape unit .
Page 1 and 2:
i The Soils of The III Regional Mun
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . .
Page 5 and 6:
1 . Soil map index for the Regional
Page 7 and 8: 0 t W. CARLETO 10 L 20 km KANATA GO
Page 9 and 10: Otta!~? Figure 3. Main towns, trans
Page 11 and 12: Arnprior Chats Falls Almonte " Carp
Page 13 and 14: may also contain shaly layers . Out
Page 15 and 16: Till plains (undrumlinized) _ Esker
Page 17 and 18: Surficial Geology and Relationship
Page 19 and 20: HUN nnnnoioion miammoo nonmmnon nou
Page 21 and 22: GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS SOIL ASSOCIATI
Page 23 and 24: GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS SOIL ASSOCIATI
Page 25 and 26: In this survey, boundaries were per
Page 27 and 28: BASIC LAND AREAS SOIL ASSOCIATION -
Page 29 and 30: their agricultural use . The domina
Page 31 and 32: OTTAWA- CARLETON SOILS t TYPE DEPTH
Page 33 and 34: B3 : Dominantlyvery Rego Gleysols p
Page 35 and 36: cant component, approximately 600 h
Page 37 and 38: In some soils, significant layers o
Page 39 and 40: Taxonomic Components The well-drain
Page 41 and 42: Taxonomic Components Four component
Page 43 and 44: Correlation to Ottawa Urban Fringe
Page 45 and 46: The well-drained Orthic Melanic Bru
Page 47 and 48: ial which extends in a northwest-so
Page 51 and 52: all Leitrim soils classified as suc
Page 53 and 54: The imperfectly drained St . Damase
Page 55 and 56: Recognized Recognized Subgroups Ser
Page 57: Soil Materials North Gower soils co
Page 61 and 62: Figure 25 . Manotick association so
Page 63 and 64: Soil Landscape Units Four units wer
Page 67 and 68: sloping areas, groundwater flow, an
Page 69 and 70: from clay to silty clay loam . In s
Page 73 and 74: scapes occurring inclose proximity
Page 75 and 76: Within Rockland units, significant
Page 77 and 78: A . AGRICULTURAL CAPABILITY CLASSIF
Page 79 and 80: Table 7 . (cont'd) R' : T' : V' : W
Page 81 and 82: adequate moisture or a wetness limi
Page 83 and 84: In order to apply the tables, one m
Page 85 and 86: (e) The Capability Rating Tables Ta
Page 87 and 88: 00 Table 9. (continued) Slope Class
Page 89 and 90: Table 9 . (continued) AGRICULTURAL
Page 91 and 92: Table 9 . (continued) AGRICULTURAL
Page 93 and 94: Soil Landscape Unit Table 10 . Agri
Page 95 and 96: The water erosion formula, A= RKLSC
Page 97 and 98: soil Association Table 13 . K-value
Page 99 and 100: graphic regions . Therefore, the C
Page 101 and 102: Table 17 . continued Crop Rotation
Page 103 and 104: SOIL SOIL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION MAIN
Page 105 and 106: C . LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION
Page 107 and 108: Table 19 . Land suitability ratings
Page 109 and 110:
Table 19 . continued Soil associati
Page 111 and 112:
1 . Marshall, I.B., J. Dumanski, E.
Page 113 and 114:
Class Description Sl Slightly stony
Page 115 and 116:
Soil Association GRENVILLE Series a
Page 117 and 118:
Soil Association Series and (Subgro
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The Soils of The Regional Municipality of Ottawa=Carleton

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