The Soils of The Regional Municipality of Ottawa=Carleton

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capillary rise of water, and rate of subsidence of the profile (25) . Organic soils inthe survey areas were, therefore, classified based on their stage of decomposition at the 40-160cm depth ofthe profile in the following way : Dominant Material Capability Class Fibric-poorly decomposed Class 4 Humic-well decomposed Class 3 Mesic-moderately decomposed Class 1 Note : Humic or Fibric materials in combination with other limitations may further downgrade the capability rating of some soils . F - Reaction-The fertility level oforganic soils is generally low and considerable fertilization will be required for the production ofvegetable crops . Soil reaction, however, is an important consideration when assessing organic soils as a growth medium for such crops. Most plant roots will not grow into a highly acid medium, while others do not tolerate alkaline conditions . Organic soils in the survey area weretherefore classified on the following criteria : Reaction CapabilityClass pH 4 .5 - 7 .0 Class 1 pH 4 .5 - 4 .0 Class 2 pH 4 .0-3.5 Class 3 L - Wood Content - Large pieces of wood such as tree trunks, stumps, or branches will probably interfere with cultivation, ditching, or the installation of tile drains . Wood in general also affects the moisture regime of the soil . When large pieces occur within the upper 60 cm of the profile, they will affect cultivation practices within the first fewyears of agricultural use. Periodic removal of wood fragments may, therefore, be necessary . Organic soils have been classified on the basis of the volume of wood occurring in relation to the total volume of material in the control section . The following ranges in wood content were used for classifying the soils in the survey area : Wood Content Capability Class (Percentof total volume) None Class 1 1-25% Class 2 26-50% Class 3 > 50% Class 4 or lower H -Depth of organic material over type of substratum - Due to subsidence associated with agricultural use, a minimum depth oforganic material must be available in order to economically justify reclamation . Long-term agriculture use, therefore, requires a considerable depth of organic material . When such depths are not present, underlying mineral material or bedrock occurring close to the surface will affect the feasibility of subsurface drainage . In these cases, fine textured mineral substrata generally present fewer management problems than medium or coarse textured material or bedrock substrata . The following criteria for depth and type of substrata were used to classify the soils : Capability Class Depth of Organic Material Class 1 > 160 cm - alltypes (c) Organic Soil Capability Ratings Capability ratings for soil landscape units are given in Table 10 . Most soil landscape units encompass a range of soil characteristics, the most significant being depth of organic material over mineral or bedrock substrata . In such units, a range of limitations are also present which often vary in type and severity. Consequently, a range of capability ratings is necessary for those units to reflect the soils which compose them . Whena range ofcapability ratings is given, these represent the highest and lowest ratings and not all ratings which may apply. (3) Capability Classification for Land Type and Miscellaneous Land Units The classification system which was applied to determine the agricultural capability of mineral soils was also applied to these land units . All land type units and some miscellaneous land units were classified andgiven a capabilityrating . Units of the latter type which were not classified include land altered by man . Included in this grouping are areas of Disturbed Land (DL), Landfill Sites (LF), Sewage Lagoons (SL), Topsoil Removal (TR), and Urban Land (U) . Agricultural use of these areas is either not possible or not feasible due to high reclamation costs. Capability classes and subclasses as defined in section (1) were applied to units which were classified . Many of the subclasses or limitations defined in that section have been applied . Capability classes areconfined to classes 4to 7 due to the severity oflimitations which are present . (b) Introduction to the Agricultural Capability Rating Tables Type of Substratum Class 2 130 -160 cm - fine textured Class 3 100 -130cm - fine textured 130 -160 cm - medium or coarse textured Class 4 100 -130cm -medium or coarse textured 40 -100 cm - fine textured 130 -160 cm -bedrock Class 5 40 -100 cm - medium or coarse textured 100 -130 cm -bedrock Class 6 40 -100 cm -bedrock When applied to the soil maps, the rating tables (Tables 9, 10 and 11) provide the means of determining the agricultural capability or capabilities ofthe land area represented by a map delineation . The landscapes which occur within delineations are represented by either a simple or compound map unit symbol on the map . When the components of the symbol are known the applicable agricultural capabilities can be determined .
In order to apply the tables, one must be aware of the following : 1 . The letter "N", when it is shown in the Stoniness or Rockiness Class column of Table 9, represents Nonstony and Nonrocky. When a Stoniness Class such as S 1, orRockiness Class such as R2 is not shown in the symbol on the map, Nonstony and Nonrocky (N) is implied . 2 . Capability ratings for mineral soils are given in Table 9 . Ratings for organic soils are given in Table 10 . Ratings for land types and for those miscellaneous land units to which ratings are applicable are givenin Table 11 . 3 . Occasionally, slope classes may be given in some map symbols for Land Type Units which occur. These slopes are not required when determining agricultural capabilities for those units in Table 11 . 4 . When a soil phase occurs in a map unit symbol, the Soil Landscape Unit having that phase may be rated separately from a similar Soil Landscape Unit not having that phase . For example a G1.S unit is rated separately from a G1 unit . This is necessary whenthe phase affects capability. (c) How to Apply the Capability Rating Tables The following procedure may be followed to determine the appropriate soil capability for a map unit symbol : 1 . Study the "Explanation of the Map Unit Symbols" shown on the border of each map. Determine whether the map unit symbol for the delineation in question consists of one map unit (a simple map unit symbol) or two map units (a compound map unit symbol) . A capability rating for each map unit must be determined separately. 2 . Using the map legend, determine the components of each map unit . Most map units comprise a soil landscape unit and an associated slope class component . In addition, some map units within this group also include a soil phase component and/or a stoniness class or rockines class component . Other map units consist solely of a land type unit or a miscellaneous land unit . A few map units consist of a land type unit and an associated slope class component . However, the slope class component is not considered in the determination of capability in these cases . 3 . If a land type unit or miscellaneous land unit is identified, consult Table 11 for its capability rating . If a soil landscape unit representing an organic soil is identified, Table 10 may be consulted for the respective rating . If a soil landscape unit representing a mineral soil is identified proceed to step 4 . 4 . Having noted the mineral soil landscape unit and its associated components, determine the respective rating by consulting Table 9 using the following procedure : 1 . Locate the soil landscape unit listed alphabetically across and within the table in a number of horizontal columns . The rating will beshown somewhere inthe vertical column below the identified unit . NOTE : Soil landscape units having soil phases are shown separately. 2 . Now locate the applicable slope class at the left side of the table, and then locate the applicable stoniness or rockiness class from the group listed for that slope class . You have now found the horizontal line in which the rating is given . 3 . Follow the horizontal line across the page to the predetermined vertical column, where the capability rating willbe shown. (d) Examples of Rating Determinations for SomeMap Symbols The following examples use symbols from Figure 34 : # 1 . Simple Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Symbol = C5 2* Soil Landscape Unit = C5 Slope Class = 2* Stoniness or Rockiness Class = not shown, therefore nonstony and nonrocky(N) The C5 soil landscape unit represents mineral soils as determined from the map legend . Therefore, from Table 9, the Ag . Cap . Rating = 3WF #2 . Simple Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Symbol = N4 R2.3* Soil Landscape Unit = N4 Slope Class = 3* Stoniness or Rockiness Class = R2 (Rockiness Class 2) The N4 soil landscape unit represents mineral soils as determined from the map legend . Therefore, from Table 9, the Ag . Cap . Rating = 6 R P'tv #3 . Simple Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Symbol = BE 1 1 Soil Landscape Unit = BE 1 Slope Class = 1 Stoniness or Rockiness Class = not shown, therefore nonstony and nonrocky(N) The BE 1 soil landscape unit represents organic soils as determined from the map legend . Therefore, from Table 10, the Ag . Cap. Rating = 3K to 5HK (arange of capabilities) For examples # 1, #2, #3, one rating is determined . In example #3, however, the capability rating consists ofa range of capabilities due to the variable nature oforganic soils represented by the BE 1 soil landscape unit . #4 . Compound MapUnit Symbol Map Unit Symbol = NG2-D3 2* Soil Landscape Units = NG2 and D3 Slope Class associated with first soil landscape unit = 2* Slope Class associated with second soil landscape unit = 2* Stoniness or Rockiness Class = not shown, therefore both are nonstony and nonrocky (N) (Continuedon Page84)
Page 1 and 2:
i The Soils of The III Regional Mun
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . .
Page 5 and 6:
1 . Soil map index for the Regional
Page 7 and 8:
0 t W. CARLETO 10 L 20 km KANATA GO
Page 9 and 10:
Otta!~? Figure 3. Main towns, trans
Page 11 and 12:
Arnprior Chats Falls Almonte " Carp
Page 13 and 14:
may also contain shaly layers . Out
Page 15 and 16:
Till plains (undrumlinized) _ Esker
Page 17 and 18:
Surficial Geology and Relationship
Page 19 and 20:
HUN nnnnoioion miammoo nonmmnon nou
Page 21 and 22:
GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS SOIL ASSOCIATI
Page 23 and 24:
GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS SOIL ASSOCIATI
Page 25 and 26:
In this survey, boundaries were per
Page 27 and 28:
BASIC LAND AREAS SOIL ASSOCIATION -
Page 29 and 30:
their agricultural use . The domina
Page 31 and 32: OTTAWA- CARLETON SOILS t TYPE DEPTH
Page 33 and 34: B3 : Dominantlyvery Rego Gleysols p
Page 35 and 36: cant component, approximately 600 h
Page 37 and 38: In some soils, significant layers o
Page 39 and 40: Taxonomic Components The well-drain
Page 41 and 42: Taxonomic Components Four component
Page 43 and 44: Correlation to Ottawa Urban Fringe
Page 45 and 46: The well-drained Orthic Melanic Bru
Page 47 and 48: ial which extends in a northwest-so
Page 51 and 52: all Leitrim soils classified as suc
Page 53 and 54: The imperfectly drained St . Damase
Page 55 and 56: Recognized Recognized Subgroups Ser
Page 57 and 58: Soil Materials North Gower soils co
Page 59 and 60: Figure 17 . A poorly drained Orthic
Page 61 and 62: Figure 25 . Manotick association so
Page 63 and 64: Soil Landscape Units Four units wer
Page 67 and 68: sloping areas, groundwater flow, an
Page 69 and 70: from clay to silty clay loam . In s
Page 73 and 74: scapes occurring inclose proximity
Page 75 and 76: Within Rockland units, significant
Page 77 and 78: A . AGRICULTURAL CAPABILITY CLASSIF
Page 79 and 80: Table 7 . (cont'd) R' : T' : V' : W
Page 81: adequate moisture or a wetness limi
Page 85 and 86: (e) The Capability Rating Tables Ta
Page 87 and 88: 00 Table 9. (continued) Slope Class
Page 89 and 90: Table 9 . (continued) AGRICULTURAL
Page 91 and 92: Table 9 . (continued) AGRICULTURAL
Page 93 and 94: Soil Landscape Unit Table 10 . Agri
Page 95 and 96: The water erosion formula, A= RKLSC
Page 97 and 98: soil Association Table 13 . K-value
Page 99 and 100: graphic regions . Therefore, the C
Page 101 and 102: Table 17 . continued Crop Rotation
Page 103 and 104: SOIL SOIL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION MAIN
Page 105 and 106: C . LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION
Page 107 and 108: Table 19 . Land suitability ratings
Page 109 and 110: Table 19 . continued Soil associati
Page 111 and 112: 1 . Marshall, I.B., J. Dumanski, E.
Page 113 and 114: Class Description Sl Slightly stony
Page 115 and 116: Soil Association GRENVILLE Series a
Page 117 and 118: Soil Association Series and (Subgro
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The Soils of The Regional Municipality of Ottawa=Carleton

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