The Soils of The Regional Municipality of Ottawa=Carleton

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Figure 29 . An imperfectly drained Gleyed Dystric Brunisol (Vinette series) of the St . Thomas soil association . Soil materials are dominated by fine sand textures . This example features some accumulation of iron and aluminum in the B horizon but not sufficient to meet the criteria for a podzolic Bf . Figure30 . Imperfectly drained St . Thomas landscapes have nearly level topography. Figure 32 . Oka parent materials, in this case grey-green shale material of the 03 soil landscape unit, are frequently mined for aggregate. Materials at this site have been extracted down to bedrock at about 2 m depth . Figure 31 . A well-drained Orthic Melanic Brunisol (Oka series) of the Oka soil association . Of note is the large volume of limestone and dolomitic gravel and stones, especially in the lower unweathered portion ofthe profile . Figure 33 . Farmington landscapes reflect the level to very gently sloping limestone and dolomite bedrock less than 50 cm below the surface.
Soil Landscape Units Four units were identified for the Oka association. They are described as follows : Recognized Recognized Subgroups Series 01 : Dominantly rapidly Eluviated Munster to well-drained soils Melanie foundon very gently Brunisols to gently sloping Orthic Melanie Oka topography. Slopes Brunisols range from 2 to 9% . Parentmaterials have been derived primarily from limestone and dolomite bedrock . 02 : Dominantly imper- Gleyed Eluviated fectly drained soils Melanie Brunisols found on levelto Gleyed Melanie nearly level topo- Brunisols graphy. Slopes range from 0 to 2% . Parent materials have been derived primarily from limestone and dolomite bedrock . 03 : Dominantly well- Orthic Melanic drained soils found Brunisols on very gently to gently sloping topography. Slopes range from 2 to 9% . Parent materials have been derived primarily from gray-green shale bedrock . 05 : Dominantly well Orthic Melanie drained soils found Brunisols onvery gently to gently sloping topography. Slopes range from 2 to 9% . Parentmaterials have been derived primarily from red shale bedrock . Taxonomic Components The Munster series (Eluviated Melanie Brunisol subgroup) is well-drained and is composed of materials mainly derived from limestone and dolomite bedrock . The Ap horizon is dark brown with granular structure. Ayellowish brown Ae or Aej horizon with granular structure is present if it has not been incorporated into the surface Ap horizon . A Btj or Bin horizon, or both, underly the eluviatedAhorizon. Some illuviated clay is present on the granular structured peds . The unweathered Ckhorizon generally occurs within 50 cm depth and clay content is significantly lower than inany ofthe weathered horizons occurring above it . Texture of the fine earth fraction in the parent material or Ck horizon is commonly loamy coarse sand or coarse sand, with loamy sand and sand textures also occurring but less often. Texture of the fine earth fraction in the upper horizons is slightly finer, having larger proportions of medium sand . Surface textures are most often sandy loam. The Ck horizon has single grain structure, and color ranges from dark yellowishbrown to dark grayish brown . Some Munster profiles exhibit free carbonates in the upper weathered horizons as well as the parent material . When encountered, those horizons were designated with a k suffix eg. Apk, Btjk etc . The Oka series (Orthic Melanie Brunisol subgroup) is similar to the Munster series in material origin . Profile characteristics are also similar except for the absence of eluvial and illuvial horizons . In their place a relatively thick brownto dark brown Bm horizon is most often found . The Gleyed Eluviated Melanic Brunisols and Gleyed Melanic Brunisols composing the 02 soil landscape unit are imperfectly drained and arethe gleyed equivalents ofthe better drained series previously described . They are composed of materials which have also been derived primarily from limestone anddolomite bedrock . Profile characteristics of each are similar to their better drained counterparts except for the presence of distinct yellowish brown mottles within the upper 50 cm, and distinct to prominent mottles in the lower 50 cm of the control section . Mottling within either profile is indicative of periodic water saturation, including saturationperiods during the growing season . The well-drained OrthicMelanie Brunisols composing the 03 soil landscape unit consist of materials which have primarily been derived from gray-green shale bedrock . Flat angular pieces of noncalcareous gray shale make up a significant proportion of the material, and in some deposits account for nearly all of the coarse fragments within the profile. Varying amounts of calcareous material also occur within the profile. Due to the shale dominance, these soils are less calcareous than the Oka series and at times are noncalcareous . Soil reaction, although highly variable, also tends to be lower than the Oka series . The well-drained Orthic Melanic Brunisols of the 05 soil landscape unit comprise materials which have been derived primarily from red shale bedrock . The dominance of noncal careous soft red shale fragments in the profile distinguishes these soils fromothers in the association . Mapped Soil Combinations More than 50% of all Oka soils were mapped in combination with soils of other associations . Approximately 1,400 ha were mapped in combinations in which they were the dominant component, and 1,600 ha were mapped in combinations in which they were the significant component . Oka-Farmington and Farmington-Oka combinations were by far the most frequent and extensive . Approximately 1,800 ha of Oka soils occur in those combinations in almost equal proportions . Much less extensive but significant amounts of Oka soils were also mapped with soils of the Jockvale andKars associations . General Land Use Oka soils at best are of marginal agricultural capability for common field crops . Hay production occurs where surface stoniness is not too severe, but the main agricultural use found on Oka soils is that of permanent pasture. Some Oka beach deposits are being economically mined for aggregate in areas wherethe materials arethick enough and well sorted . Significant areas of Oka soils also occur as abandoned farmland or remain under forest vegetation . Correlation to Ottawa Urban Fringe Calcareous Oka soils in the survey area constituted primarily of limestone or dolomite coarse fragments are similar to those found in the Ottawa Urban Fringe. In both surveys these soils represent the vast majority of soils included in the association . Due to the frequent occurrence of shaley beach materials in the survey area, however, additional landscape units for those soils were developed which do not occur in the Urban Fringe survey. It was decided that the limited occurrence and similar mode ofdeposition of those soils justified a broadening of the association concept .
Page 1 and 2:
i The Soils of The III Regional Mun
Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . .
Page 5 and 6:
1 . Soil map index for the Regional
Page 7 and 8:
0 t W. CARLETO 10 L 20 km KANATA GO
Page 9 and 10:
Otta!~? Figure 3. Main towns, trans
Page 11 and 12: Arnprior Chats Falls Almonte " Carp
Page 13 and 14: may also contain shaly layers . Out
Page 15 and 16: Till plains (undrumlinized) _ Esker
Page 17 and 18: Surficial Geology and Relationship
Page 19 and 20: HUN nnnnoioion miammoo nonmmnon nou
Page 21 and 22: GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS SOIL ASSOCIATI
Page 23 and 24: GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS SOIL ASSOCIATI
Page 25 and 26: In this survey, boundaries were per
Page 27 and 28: BASIC LAND AREAS SOIL ASSOCIATION -
Page 29 and 30: their agricultural use . The domina
Page 31 and 32: OTTAWA- CARLETON SOILS t TYPE DEPTH
Page 33 and 34: B3 : Dominantlyvery Rego Gleysols p
Page 35 and 36: cant component, approximately 600 h
Page 37 and 38: In some soils, significant layers o
Page 39 and 40: Taxonomic Components The well-drain
Page 41 and 42: Taxonomic Components Four component
Page 43 and 44: Correlation to Ottawa Urban Fringe
Page 45 and 46: The well-drained Orthic Melanic Bru
Page 47 and 48: ial which extends in a northwest-so
Page 51 and 52: all Leitrim soils classified as suc
Page 53 and 54: The imperfectly drained St . Damase
Page 55 and 56: Recognized Recognized Subgroups Ser
Page 57 and 58: Soil Materials North Gower soils co
Page 59 and 60: Figure 17 . A poorly drained Orthic
Page 61: Figure 25 . Manotick association so
Page 67 and 68: sloping areas, groundwater flow, an
Page 69 and 70: from clay to silty clay loam . In s
Page 73 and 74: scapes occurring inclose proximity
Page 75 and 76: Within Rockland units, significant
Page 77 and 78: A . AGRICULTURAL CAPABILITY CLASSIF
Page 79 and 80: Table 7 . (cont'd) R' : T' : V' : W
Page 81 and 82: adequate moisture or a wetness limi
Page 83 and 84: In order to apply the tables, one m
Page 85 and 86: (e) The Capability Rating Tables Ta
Page 87 and 88: 00 Table 9. (continued) Slope Class
Page 89 and 90: Table 9 . (continued) AGRICULTURAL
Page 91 and 92: Table 9 . (continued) AGRICULTURAL
Page 93 and 94: Soil Landscape Unit Table 10 . Agri
Page 95 and 96: The water erosion formula, A= RKLSC
Page 97 and 98: soil Association Table 13 . K-value
Page 99 and 100: graphic regions . Therefore, the C
Page 101 and 102: Table 17 . continued Crop Rotation
Page 103 and 104: SOIL SOIL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION MAIN
Page 105 and 106: C . LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION
Page 107 and 108: Table 19 . Land suitability ratings
Page 109 and 110: Table 19 . continued Soil associati
Page 111 and 112: 1 . Marshall, I.B., J. Dumanski, E.
Page 113 and 114:
Class Description Sl Slightly stony
Page 115 and 116:
Soil Association GRENVILLE Series a
Page 117 and 118:
Soil Association Series and (Subgro
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The Soils of The Regional Municipality of Ottawa=Carleton

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