Learning Processing: A Beginner's Guide to Programming Images ...

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Pressing the mouse stops and starts the sound void mousePressed() { if (tone.isPlaying()) { tone.stop(); } else { tone.repeat(); } } // Close the sound engine public void stop() { Sonia.stop(); super.stop(); } Sound 391 Exercise 20-4: In Example 20-4, fl ip the Y-axis so that the lower sound plays when the mouse is down rather than up. An AudioPlayer object can also be manipulated with Minim using the functions: setVolume( ) , setPan( ) , and addEff ect( ) , among others documented on the Minim site ( http://code.compartmental. net/tools/minim/ ). 20.5 Live input In Chapter 16, we looked at how serial communication allows a Processing sketch to respond to input from an external hardware device connected to a sensor. Reading input from a microphone is a similar pursuit. In essence, the microphone acts as a sensor. Not only can a microphone record sound, but it can determine if the sound is loud, quiet, high-pitched, low-pitched, and so on. For example, a Processing sketch could determine if it is living in a crowded room based on sound levels, or whether it is listening to a soprano or bass singer based on pitch levels. Th is section will cover how to retrieve and use sound volume data using the Sonia library. For analyzing sound pitch levels from a microphone, visit the Sonia web site ( http://sonia.pitaru.com ) for further examples. Th e previous sections used a Sample object to play a sound. Sound input from a microphone is retrieved with a LiveInput object. Th ere is a somewhat odd distinction here in the way we will use these two classes that we have yet to encounter over the course of this book. Consider a scenario where we have three sound fi les. We would create three Sample objects. Sample sample1 = new Sample( "file1.wav"); Sample sample2 = new Sample( "file2.wav"); Sample sample3 = new Sample( "file3.wav"); Technically speaking, we have made three instances of Sample objects, born via the Sample class. If we want to play a sound, we have to refer to a specifi c Sample object. sample1.play(); The sound can be stopped with the function stop().
392 Learning Processing With LiveInput , however, we are not going to make any object instances . Since the Sonia library only allows one input source, 1 there is no reason to refer to a specifi c LiveInput object. Instead, when listening to the microphone, we refer to the LiveInput class as a whole: LiveInput.start(); // Start LiveInput Functions that we call from the class name itself (rather than from a specifi c object instance) are known as static functions. We can’t create static functions ourselves in Processing so it is not something we need to worry about too much. However, since they are part of Java, we will encounter them from time to time when using contributed libraries. LiveInput is an example of a class with static functions for retrieving the sound and pitch levels from a microphone. Let’s begin by building a very simple example that ties the size of a circle to the sound level of the microphone. Step #1 is exactly what we just did, start the process of listening to the computer’s microphone. LiveInput.start(); // Start LiveInput Step #2 is reading the volume level from the microphone itself . We can do this two ways. Because the microphone listens in stereo, we can read the volume level from the right or left channel with getLevel( ) : float rightLevel = LiveInput.getLevel(Sonia.RIGHT); float leftLevel = LiveInput.getLevel(Sonia.LEFT); We can also simply listen to both channels. float level = LiveInput.getLevel(); Th e level returned will always range between 0.0 and 1.0. Putting it all together, and tying the sound level to the size of an ellipse, we have: Example 20-5: Live Input with Sonia // Import the Sonia library import pitaru.sonia_v2_9.*; void setup() { size(200,200); Sonia.start(this); // Start listening to the microphone LiveInput.start(); smooth(); } All functions for sound input are static, meaning they are called from the class name itself, LiveInput, rather than an object instance. We can specify whether we want to listen to the RIGHT or LEFT channel’s volume. With no argument, getLevel() returns the volume of both RIGHT and LEFT combined. 1 Sonia’s Live Input will listen to whatever audio source is set up as the “sound input” device on your computer. You could use a built-in microphone, a line-in from another audio source, or even potentially the CD player on your computer. A Sample object can also be treated as live input by using the function: connectLiveInput( ).
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Learning Processing A Beginner’s
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Learning Processing A Beginner’s
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Contents Acknowledgments vii Introd
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Acknowledgments In the fall of 2001
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Introduction What is this book? Th
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Introduction xi While both of these
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Introduction xiii Th e book is desi
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Introduction xv Th is book’s web
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Introductory Exercise: Write instru
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Lesson One The Beginning 1 Pixels 2
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1 Pixels “ A journey of a thousan
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1.2 Simple Shapes Pixels 5 Th e vas
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 fi g. 1.9 top l
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1.3 Pixels 9 Exercise 1-3: Reverse
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Example 1-2: noFill ( ) background(
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fi g. 1.19 Pixels 13 Exercise 1-5:
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colorMode(RGB,100); Pixels 15 Th e
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2 2.1 Processing “ Computers in t
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fi g. 2.2 Once you have opened the
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Let’s write a fi rst example ( se
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Line 9 fi g. 2.6 Processing is case
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fi g. 2.7 Processing 25 Processing
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Example 2-1: Zoog again size(200,20
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Processing 29 To see the applet wor
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3 3.1 Interaction “ Always rememb
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Let’s look at what will surely be
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3.3 Variation with the Mouse Intera
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Draw Zoog's eyes fill(0); ellipse(8
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3.4 Mouse Clicks and Key Presses In
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Draw Zoog's eyes fill(mo useX,0,mou
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Lesson Two Everything You Need to K
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4 4.1 Variables “ All of the book
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4.2 Variable Declaration and Initia
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A variable can also be initialized
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x = 5; x = a + b; x = y - 10 * 20;
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void draw() { // Draw the backgroun
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4.6 Random: Variety is the spice of
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4.7 Example 4-7: Filling variables
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5 5.1 Conditionals Conditionals 59
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Finally, for testing multiple condi
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Conditionals 63 It is worth pointin
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Conditionals 65 Getting into the ha
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Our fi rst instinct might be to wri
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5.5 Multiple Rollovers Conditionals
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Conditionals 71 We can then check t
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5.7 Conditionals 73 Exercise 5-8: E
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Reversing the Polarity of a Number
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One way to solve this problem is to
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Display the square fill(0); noStrok
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6 Loops “ Repetition is the reali
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Loops 83 (see Chapter 5). However,
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while (y < 100) { // Loop! } 3. Wha
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while (x < = endLegs) { line(x,y,x,
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Th e same exact loop can be program
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Loops 91 Th is was a nice simplifi
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6.6 Loop Inside the Main Loop Loops
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6.7 float distance = abs(mouseX - i
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Draw Zoog's legs stroke(0); line(x-
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Lesson Three Organization 7 Functio
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7 7.1 Functions “ When it’s all
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7.2 “ User Defi ned ” Functions
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Example 5-6: Bouncing ball // Decla
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7.5 Functions 107 Exercise 7-3: Tak
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Functions 109 It should be fairly a
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int globalX = 0; int globalY = 100;
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void setup() { println( "a"); funct
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If we did not include a return stat
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7.8 Zoog Reorganization Zoog is now
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void draw() { } background(0); // D
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8 8.1 Objects “ No object is so b
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Setup: Draw: Initialize car color.
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Objects 125 • The Class Name—Th
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Objects 127 One other thing; with t
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fi g. 8.1 fi g. 8.2 fi g. 8.4 fi g.
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Objects 131 Nevertheless, this is q
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void draw() { } background(100); ba
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Objects 135 modular, reusable packa
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Lesson Three Project Step 1. Take y
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Lesson Four More of the Same 9 Arra
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9 Arrays “ I might repeat to myse
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Car myCar80 Car myCar81 Car myCar82
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9.3 Declaring and Creating an Array
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9.4 Initializing an Array One way t
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Example 9-5: Using a for loop to in
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Arrays 151 Now comes the hard part.
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9.7 Arrays 153 Exercise 9-7: Rewrit
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9.8 Interactive Objects Arrays 155
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Check if point is inside of Stripe
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alls[i].gravity(); balls[i].move();
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Draw Zoog's arms with a for loop fo
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Lesson Five Putting It All Together
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10 10.1 Algorithms “ Lather. Rins
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Translating the preceding algorithm
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void draw() { background(255); stro
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Example 10-2: Bouncing ball class c
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Now that the function is complete,
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10.6 // Constructor Ball(float temp
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Algorithms 177 With the above logic
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Drop() { r = 8; // All raindrops ar
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Example 10-7: Drops one at a time /
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Algorithms 183 Notice how every sin
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oolean intersecting = ball1.interse
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} void setLocation(float tempX, flo
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Algorithms 189 It is important to r
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11 Debugging “ Th e diff erence b
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Debugging 193 Once all the code is
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12 Libraries “ If truth is beauty
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or /Applications/Processing 0135/ c
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Lesson Six The World Revolves Aroun
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13 Mathematics Mathematics 201 “
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Mathematics 203 Th erefore, modulo
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Th e probability of a coin fl ippin
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13.6 Perlin Noise Mathematics 207 O
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Mathematics 209 How quickly we incr
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It is fairly intuitive for us to th
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fi g. 13.9 y-axis sine(theta) � y
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Example 13-6: Oscillation float the
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Mathematics 217 In 1975, Benoit Man
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Mathematics 219 said about recursio
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Mathematics 221 A two-dimensional a
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Example 13-10: Two-dimensional arra
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} void display() { } // FILL IN Mat
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14 14.1 Translation and Rotation (i
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Our fi rst instinct might be to add
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Example 14-3: A rectangle moving al
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When using the OPENGL mode, you mus
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Translation and Rotation (in 3D!) 2
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14.5 fill(150,150); vertex(-t, t,-t
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14.6 Example 14-5: Rectangle rotati
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fill(0,100); // Note the use of pus
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14.9 Example 14-17: Nested push and
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stroke(0); fill(175); ellipse(0,0,d
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Lesson Seven Pixels Under a Microsc
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15 Images Images 255 “ Politics w
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And yet: PImage img = loadImage( "f
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15.3 My Very First Image Processing
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Images 261 Even better, if we just
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Images 263 // Create a grayscale co
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Images 265 15.6 Intro to Image Proc
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Images 267 Since we are altering th
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15.9 More on fi lter( ): fi lter(mo
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Images 271 Example 15-13 performs a
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Example 15-14: “ Pointillism ”
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16 16.1 Video “ I have no memory.
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Video 277 Th e above line of code i
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void draw() { // Check to see if a
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16.3 Recorded Video Video 281 Displ
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16.4 Video 283 Exercise 16-3: Using
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Video 285 For every square at colum
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} } // Each rect is colored white w
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16.5 Video as Sensor, Computer Visi
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Now, we are ready to compare the co
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16.6 Video 293 Exercise 16-5: Take
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void setup() { size(320,240); video
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Example 16-13: Simple motion detect
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16.8 // Step 4, compare colors (pre
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Lesson Seven Project Develop a soft
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Lesson Eight The Outside World 17 T
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17 17.1 Text “ I could entertain
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Exercise 17-2: Loop through and pri
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17.3 Displaying Text Text 309 We wi
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println(PFont.list()); For demonstr
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X = �50 fi g. 17.4 float w = text
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Example 17-4: Text mirror import pr
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textFont(f); // Set the font transl
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Exercise 17-9: Using textWidth( ) ,
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Example 17-7: Boxes along a curve P
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Text 323 Exercise 17-10: Create a s
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18 Data Input “ A million monkeys
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Example 18-1: User input PFont f; /
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Data Input 329 Th e reverse of spli
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Example 18-2: Graphing comma separa
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Data Input 333 Th e rollover( ) fun
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18.4 diameter = diameter_; } // Tru
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} // Find the index of the end tag
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void mousePressed() { // Increment
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Page 372 and 373: Example 18-10: A Yahoo search impor
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Page 376 and 377: 19 19.1 Data Streams “ I’m mad
Page 378 and 379: import processing.net.* ; Server se
Page 380 and 381: Data Streams 361 Once the server is
Page 382 and 383: 19.4 void draw() { background(255);
Page 384 and 385: Data Streams 365 must be networked
Page 386 and 387: Data Streams 367 will send X , Y co
Page 388 and 389: Data Streams 369 Here is the full S
Page 390 and 391: Here is the entire client sketch: 1
Page 392 and 393: Data Streams 373 Serial communicati
Page 394 and 395: Data Streams 375 of information, ca
Page 396 and 397: Corresponding Arduino code: int sen
Page 398 and 399: Lesson Nine Making Noise 20 Sound 2
Page 400 and 401: 20 Sound “ Check. Check. Check 1.
Page 402 and 403: void setup() { Sonia.start(this); }
Page 404 and 405: void mousePressed() { // If the use
Page 406 and 407: Sound 387 check and see if a sound
Page 408 and 409: Is a point inside the doorbell (use
Page 412 and 413: 20.6 void draw() { background(255,1
Page 414 and 415: In code, this translates to: // If
Page 416 and 417: 21 Exporting “ Wait a minute. I t
Page 418 and 419: Th is code can be inserted anywhere
Page 420 and 421: void setup() { size(400, 400); begi
Page 422 and 423: Exporting 403 save( ) takes one arg
Page 424 and 425: Exporting 405 Example 21-5 records
Page 426 and 427: Lesson Ten Beyond Processing 22 Adv
Page 428 and 429: 22 Advanced Object-Oriented Program
Page 430 and 431: class Point { float x,y; Point(floa
Page 432 and 433: Advanced Object-Oriented Programmin
Page 434 and 435: Advanced Object-Oriented Programmin
Page 436 and 437: class Circle extends Shape { // inh
Page 438 and 439: for (int i = 0; i < dogs.length; i
Page 440 and 441: 22.5 Example 22-2: Polymorphism //
Page 442 and 443: 23 23.1 Java “ I l o ve c off ee,
Page 444 and 445: Java 425 instead of Processing , sp
Page 446 and 447: fi g. 23.2 Java 427 Just as with th
Page 448 and 449: Particle p = parray[i]; p.run(); p.
Page 450 and 451: Hint: Add a function that returns a
Page 452 and 453: Example 23-4: Super fancy ArrayList
Page 454 and 455: Java 435 It is sad when these error
Page 456 and 457: Th e tutorials will cover the same
Page 458 and 459: Appendix: Common Errors Appendix 43
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Error: No accessible fi eld named
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void draw() { thing.display(); } Co
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Error: Perhaps you wanted the overl
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Index AIFF (Audio Interchange File
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Fill( ) function 10 , 11 , 256 , 30
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One-dimensional Perlin noise 208 OP
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solar system, processing 247-9 vert
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